Snowmass UHECR超高能宇宙射线白皮书

Frank G. Schroeder, Alan Coleman, J. Eser, E. Mayotte, F. Sarazin, D. Soldin, T. Venters
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摘要

本程序总结了在拉奎拉举行的UHECR 2022会议开幕式上关于白皮书“超高能宇宙射线:宇宙和能量前沿的交叉点”的演讲[天体粒子物理149 (2023)102819 - arXiv:2205.05845],该白皮书已为美国Snowmass调查准备。白皮书概述了与超高能宇宙射线(UHECR)相关的粒子物理学和天体物理学的最新进展和悬而未决的问题,并概述了宇宙射线的粒子物理学和天体物理学之间的联系。它还讨论了需要什么样的仪器来解决超高能宇宙射线物理学中的主要科学问题。虽然升级后的皮埃尔·奥格天文台和望远镜阵列仍将是当前十年中最高能量的主力,但在未来十年中,需要更高曝光率的新实验。地面阵列可以同时探测到最大流星雨的位置和介子分量的大小,这将通过测量单个事件的刚性来实现粒子天文学。它们应由其他探测器加以补充,使总照射量最大化。这可以通过使用最新发展的探测和分析技术的几个下一代实验来实现:GRAND作为地面无线电阵列,POEMMA作为空间立体荧光望远镜将采用互补的方法来提供最大的曝光;IceCube-Gen2及其表面阵列和GCOS旨在提高粒子物理和基于刚度的星系和星系外天体物理学的高精度统计。虽然这些实验旨在发现最高能量的天体物理学宇宙射线源,但同样的实验也有助于粒子物理学,例如,通过研究宇宙射线空气阵雨中的μ子之谜,以及通过它们发现令人兴奋的新物理学的潜力,例如某些暗物质候选者。以完整的白皮书作为参考,本程序将简要介绍实验的科学案例,突出其各自的优势并概述它们如何相互补充。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
The Snowmass UHECR White Paper on Ultra-High-Energy Cosmic Rays
This proceeding summarizes the talk given at the opening of the UHECR 2022 conference in L’Aquila on the whitepaper ‘Ultra-High-Energy Cosmic Rays: The Intersection of the Cosmic and Energy Frontiers’ [Astroparticle Physics 149 (2023) 102819 - arXiv:2205.05845] that has been prepared for the Snowmass survey in the USA. The whitepaper provides an overview of recent progress and open questions regarding the particle physics and astrophysics related to ultra-high-energy cosmic rays (UHECR) and outlines the connections between the particle and astrophysics aspects of cosmic rays. It also discusses what instrumentation is needed to address the major scientific questions in ultra-high-energy cosmic-ray physics. While the upgraded Pierre Auger Observatory and Telescope Array will remain the workhorses at the highest energies in the current decade, new experiments with significantly higher exposure are needed in the coming decade. Ground arrays featuring simultaneous detection of the position of the shower maximum and the size of the muonic component will enable particle astronomy by measuring the rigidity of individual events. They should be complemented by other detectors maximizing the total exposure. This can be achieved by a few next-generation experiments using the latest developments in detection and analysis techniques: GRAND as a ground-based radio array, and POEMMA as a space-borne stereo fluorescence telescope will feature complementary approaches to provide maximum exposure; IceCube-Gen2 with its surface array, and GCOS aim at increased statistics with high accuracy for particle physics and rigidity-based galactic and extra-galactic astrophysics. While designed to discover the astrophysical cosmic-ray sources at the highest energies, the same experiments also contribute to particle physics, e.g., by studying the muon puzzle in cosmic-ray air showers, and by their discovery potential for exciting new physics, such as certain Dark Matter candidates. With the full whitepaper available as a reference, this proceeding will briefly present the science cases of the experiments, highlighting their individual strengths and outlining how they complement each other.
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