骨骼肌减少症的现代治疗方法

S. Tomasevic-Todorovic, N. Ilić
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摘要

介绍。老年人是发生骨骼肌减少症的高危人群,其特点是骨质疏松症和骨骼肌减少症并存。影响骨骼和肌肉相互作用的因素有很多:遗传、激素、神经系统、衰老、心律、营养。骨骼肌减少症的病理生理学。危险因素包括:50岁及以上、性别、高加索人种、遗传易感、身材矮小、营养不良、缺乏运动、闭经、月经初潮晚、更年期提前、雌激素和雄激素缺乏、饮酒、吸烟、饮食中缺钙、使用某些药物。骨骼肌减少症的并发症包括老年人频繁骨折、身体残疾和死亡。诊断。金标准是核磁共振成像和计算机断层扫描来评估肌肉组织。生物电阻抗是根据电流通过组织的速度来分析身体的组成。骨骼肌减少症的药物治疗。骨骼肌减少症的现代治疗包括应用双膦酸盐、选择性雌激素受体调节剂、单克隆抗体、激素治疗、雌激素以及补充钙制剂和维生素d。生活方式的改变和非药物措施对健康的骨骼和肌肉是最重要的。体育活动、富含钙和维生素D的营养、吸烟和饮酒对所有年龄段的人,特别是老年人都至关重要。治疗应至少每年重新评估一次,并评估生活质量。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Contemporary approach to osteosarcopenia
Introduction. The elderly are at high risk of developing osteosarcopenia, which is characterized by the coexistence of osteoporosis and sarcopenia. There are many factors that affect the interaction between bones and muscles: genetics, hormones, nervous system, aging, cardiac rhythm, nutrition. Pathophysiology of osteosarcopenia. Risk factors include: age of 50 years and over, sex, Caucasian race, genetic predisposition, short stature, malnutrition, physical inactivity, amenorrhea, late menarche, early menopause, estrogen and androgen deficiency, alcohol consumption, cigarette smoking, calcium deficiency in the diet, use of some drugs. Complications of osteosarcopenia include frequent bone fractures, physical disability, and mortality in the elderly population. Diagnostics. The gold standard is magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography to assess muscle tissue. Bioelectric impedance analyzes the composition of the body, based on the speed at which electricity moves through tissues. Drug treatment of osteosarcopenia. Modern treatment of osteosarcopenia includes application of bisphosphonates, selective estrogen-receptor modulators, monoclonal antibodies, hormonal therapy, estrogens, and supplementation with calcium preparations and vitamin D. Prevention. Lifestyle changes and non-pharmacological measures are most important for healthy bones and muscles. Physical activity, nutrition rich in calcium and vitamin D, smoking and alcohol consumption are of crucial importance for people of all ages, especially for the elderly. The therapy should be reevaluated at least annually, and the quality of life should be assessed.
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