The role of online platforms to enable the process of industrial symbiosis: An analysis of tools available in the market

The Circular Economy is driven by sustainable strategies of management and the reuse of materials and power to try to decrease the demand of resources and minimize the environmental impacts. Aligned to said perspective, the Industrial Symbiosis (IS) is opposite to the linear production's logic, enabling the sharing of resources, waste, and by-products, that is, the circular flow of power, water, materials, and information. In the last few years, to improve these IS strategies, platforms and tools were created to intermediate this process and facilitate the match between those who demand and offer waste and resources, such as the online waste markets or e-marketplaces. From this perspective, the objective of this study is to evaluate how these tools contributed to the IS process, going beyond the problem of the local factor. For this purpose, ten online platforms, found in the literature, were selected. The analysis was made based on the identification of key elements, which enabled the creation of a list with different types of traded materials, sectors and areas served, how wide was the service, the year when the activities started and, ultimately, the business model adopted. As a result, the evaluation shows that these tools enhance the symbiosis process because they approach the parties and facilitate the identification of synergies. Generally, the use of online platforms widens the geographic scope of the IS processes, enabling the interaction of parties from different places and regions. Was observed that these tools are characterized by the use of intelligent systems, based on algorithms that identify and recommend relations, providing greater assertiveness and speed to the decision-making process. Among the research's findings, we must stress that the IS potential extends much beyond the reuse of waste. There are opportunities for other synergies, such as infrastructure and service sharing. Finally, it was highlighted that, although they present many benefits in the social, economic, and environmental scopes, to be implemented on a wider scale, these tools still need to overcome challenges such as the lack of data on available materials and generated waste, the reluctance of some parties to establish synergetic relations, and the prejudice of working with repurposed materials.