提高水稻产量的传统育种与新育种方法

Sundaram Rm, J. Badri, Abdul Fiyaz R, S. P, Mangrauthia Sk, C. U, Neeraja Cn, S. Lv, H. As
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引用次数: 1

摘要

从独立时的船到口的存在,由于绿色革命时期和过去60年的研究和政策干预,印度成为一个粮食充足的国家。该国的大米和小麦的产量和生产力有了显著的提高,目前该国正在出口大量的大米。然而,在未来几十年里,通过大米确保粮食和营养安全面临多重挑战,包括快速变化的气候和过去20年世界上许多水稻种植国家(包括印度)的水稻产量趋于稳定。因此,必须通过应用现代科学工具来提高水稻的生产力和产量。本文回顾了近60年来有关水稻研究和产量提高的进展,并讨论了提高水稻产量的传统和现代方法。这些方法包括预育种、广泛杂交、新植物类型/理想型育种、杂种优势育种、标记和基因组辅助育种、单倍型育种、转基因育种和基因组编辑。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Conventional and new breeding approaches to enhance grain yield in rice
From a ship-to-mouth existence at the time of its Independence, India became a food sufficient country due to the research and policy interventions during the green revolution era and in the last six decades. The country witnessed a phenomenal increase in the production and productivity of rice and wheat and presently the country is exporting significant quantities of rice. However, there are multiple challenges in ensuring food and nutritional security through rice in the coming decades including a rapidly changing climate and a plateauing of rice yields has been witnessed in the last two decades in many rice growing countries across the world including India. It is therefore imperative to enhance rice productivity and production through application of modern tools of science. This review traces the developments related to rice research and yield improvement over the last six decades and discusses about the conventional and modern approaches to enhance grain yield in rice. These approaches include pre-breeding, wide-hybridization, new plant type/ideotype breeding, heterosis breeding, marker and genomics-assisted breeding, haplotype-based breeding, transgenic breeding and genome editing.
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