概括科学观点对“组织”概念本质和内容的解释

I. Gruzina, Ivanna Pererva
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引用次数: 0

摘要

目的。本文的目的是概括和系统化解释“组织”概念的科学方法,以了解其本质、内容、功能和发展模式。研究方法。为了实现这一目标,采用了以下方法:系统方法-总结作者对这一问题的主要观点;分析型——处理文学和网络资源时;比较——比较作者在研究问题上的立场;图形-用于研究结果的视觉呈现。事实证明,研究组织的科学思想和学派的多样性是由于建立组织的理论基础形成过程的特殊性,这种过程发生在不同知识领域的交叉点——管理学、社会学、心理学和许多其他领域。目前还缺乏一种全面的理论,可以充分解释所有现有的物种、类型和组织结构形式,以确定其中发生的过程。由于作为研究对象的“组织”概念的模糊性和多功能性,以及确定其内容的不同(有时是相互矛盾的)科学方法和工具的存在,在解释和理解该术语时存在一些混乱。研究组织在静力学上的必要性是作为一个整体的形式,在动力学上的必要性是作为一个元素排序的各种过程。科学家研究组织的观点分布为:人群- 37%,系统- 32%,过程- 18%,功能- 9%,状态,现象,结构,思想- 4%的研究科学来源总数。基于这些结果,将组织中作为过程和功能的组合并为一个总体组的便利性得到了证实,因为在大多数情况下,功能被认为是某些步骤(行动、阶段)的一致实现,即作为一个过程。这导致了科学来源中组织定义的重新组合:组织作为一个系统,包括社会-几乎69%的定义;组织作为一个过程——约27%;作为一种状态、现象、结构或想法的组织——约占4%。对组织研究的科学方法进行了进一步的推广,根据这项研究,几乎70%的专业人士认为组织是一个系统,这就证明了需要使用系统方法的工具来进行研究,这是一种通用的研究方法。考虑到作为研究对象的组织是一个多方面的范畴,需要应用综合方法,这反过来又是系统方法的主要方法论原则之一。事实证明,通过进一步研究组织的结构和基本要素,组织的特征、特征和参数,以及组织的功能、运作原理和行为规律,可以根据组织的一些共同特征对组织进行系统化和分类,从而制定出有效的管理方法。实用价值。作者提出的运用综合方法研究组织的实践建议,可以用来识别现代组织的构建和运作特征,并制定有效的组织管理方法。关键词:组织,过程,系统,功能,状态,组织活动。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
GENERALIZATION OF SCIENTIFIC VIEWS ON THE INTERPRETATION OF THE ESSENCE AND CONTENT OF THE CONCEPT “ORGANIZATION”
Purpose. The aim of the article is generalization and systematization of scientific approaches to the interpretation of the concept of “organization” in order to understand its essence, content, patterns of functioning and development. Methodology of research. To achieve this goal, the following methods were used: a systematic approach – to summarize the main views of the authors on this issue; analytical – when working on literary and Internet sources; comparative – to compare the positions of the authors on the issues under study; graphic – for visual presentation of research results. Findings. It is proved that the diversity of scientific ideas and schools that study organizations is due to the peculiarities of the process of forming the theoretical basis for building an organization that took place at the intersection of different fields of knowledge – management, sociology, psychology and many others. There is a lack of a comprehensive theory that could fully explain all existing species, types and forms of organizational structures, to determine the processes that take place in them. There is some confusion in the interpretation and understanding of the term due to the ambiguity and versatility of the concept of “organization” as an object of study, the existence of different, sometimes contradictory, scientific approaches and tools to determine its content. The necessity of research of the organization in statics is as some integral formation, and in dynamics – as various processes on ordering of an element is proved. The distribution of views of scientists to study the organization as: groups of people – 37%, systems – 32%, processes – 18%, functions – 9%, states, phenomena, structures, ideas – 4% among the total number of researched scientific sources. Based on these results, the expediency of combining groups of the organization as a process and function into one general group is substantiated, because the function, in most cases, is considered as a consistent implementation of certain steps (actions, stages), i.e. as a process. This led to a regrouping of definitions of the organization in scientific sources: the organization as a system, including social – almost 69% of definitions; organization as a process – about 27%; organization as a state, phenomenon, structure or idea – about 4%. Originality. There was a further development of generalization of scientific approaches to the study of organizations, according to which almost 70% of professionals consider the organization as a system, which allowed to substantiate the need to use for its study the tools of a systems approach, which is a universal research method. Given that the organization, as the object of study, is a multifaceted category, the need to apply an integrated approach, which, in turn, is one of the main methodological principles of the systems approach. It is proved that this will allow through further research of the structure and basic elements of organizations, their characteristics, features and parameters, as well as functions, principles of operation and laws of behaviour, to systematize and classify organizations by a number of common features and develop effective management method. Practical value. The practical recommendations of the authors on the study of organizations through an integrated approach can be used to identify features of the construction and operation of modern organizations and develop effective methods of managing them. Key words: organization, process, system, function, state, organizational activity.
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