Effets physiologiques de l’activité physique

Numerous adaptations have been observed with physical activity (PA), concerning every organ. Among them, skeletal muscle and cardiovascular functions, metabolism, bone mass, mental state, sleep, pain and immunity are the more evident. These beneficial health-related adaptations are associated with an increase in maximal aerobic capacity (VO2max) or muscle strength, which are strong predictors of survival (12 % decrease of death per 3,5 mL/kg/min increase of VO₂max). These effects and their magnitude are linked to the type of PA performed (leisure time, domestic, occupational tasks) and their duration/frequency. These adaptations are observed during the life span, but are particularly important among the elderly, where they can slow down the aging process by improving cardiovascular risk factors and sarcopenia.