腰果壳液体CNSL作为含蜡原油流动改进剂的性能评价

W. I. Eke, O. Achugasim, S. E. Ofordile, J. Ajienka, O. Akaranta
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引用次数: 11

摘要

使用化学添加剂来控制成蜡和改善含蜡原油的流动特性正越来越多地被石油工业运营商采用。这些添加剂,如降凝剂、蜡晶改性剂或蜡抑制剂,大多是合成的高分子化合物,以聚丙烯酸酯和甲基丙烯酸酯、聚(烷基马来酸酯-co-α-烯烃)、聚(苯乙烯-co-烷基马来酰胺)和聚(乙烯-co-醋酸乙烯酯)为主要化学成分。由于降凝剂配方对油井的高专一性,以及行业运营商在化学注入上花费的可观费用,开发更好、更便宜的化学解决方案来解决蜡形成问题的兴趣不断增加。本文报道了天然腰果壳液(CNSL)作为含蜡原油流动改良剂的应用及其作为开发新型含蜡原油降凝剂的潜在资源。用索氏提取器从腰果壳中提取CNSL。测定了CNSL的理化性质。利用傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)对其官能团进行表征。在10°C至60°C的温度范围内,使用同轴圆柱体旋转粘度计对CNSL进行流变学评估,显示牛顿行为。对两种尼日尔三角洲含蜡原油进行了表征,测定了其API比重、含水量、运动和动态粘度、倾点、蜡样温度、蜡含量、沥青质含量和石蜡碳数分布。用交叉偏光显微镜研究了纯原油和加cnsl原油中蜡的形成。加入4000ppm CNSL的试验原油的倾点降低了6°C。CNSL在10℃的低温下,使两种含蜡原油的粘度分别降低了60%和35%。CNSL可以作为含蜡原油的降凝剂和降粘剂,并有望成为生产降凝剂和其他油田化学品的可再生化工原料。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Performance Evaluation of Cashew Nut Shell Liquid CNSL as Flow Improver for Waxy Crude Oils
Use of chemical additives for the control of wax formation and to improve flow properties of waxy crude oil is increasingly being adopted by oil industry operators. Most of these additives, such as pour point depressants, wax crystal modifiers or wax inhibitors are synthetic polymeric compounds, with poly acrylates and methacrylates, poly(alkylmaleate-co-α-olefin), poly(styrene-co-alkylmaleamide) and poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) constituting the dominant chemistry. The high specificity of pour point depressant formulations to oil wells and the considerable expense incurred by industry operators on chemical injections continue to increase the interest for the development of better and cheaper chemical solutions to the wax formation problem. The present work reports the application of natural Cashew Nut Shell Liquid (CNSL) as a flow improver for waxy crude oils and its potential as a veritable resource for the development of new pour point depressants for waxy crude oils. CNSL was solvent-extracted from the shells of Cashew Nut (Anacardium Occidentale L.) using a soxhlet extractor. The physico-chemical properties of CNSL were determined. Functional group characterization was carried out by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Rheological evaluation of CNSL at temperatures ranging from 10°C to 60°C using a coaxial cylinder rotational viscometer showed Newtonian behavior. Two Niger-Delta waxy crude oils were characterized to determine their API gravity, water content, kinematic and dynamic viscosity, pour point, Wax Appearance Temperature, wax content, asphaltene content and paraffin carbon number distribution. Wax formation in neat and CNSL-dosed crude oil was studied using cross-polarized microscopy. The pour point of a test crude oil dosed with CNSL at 4000ppm was depressed by 6°C. CNSL reduced the viscosity of the two waxy crude oils by 60% and 35% respectively during couette flow at a temperature of 10°C. CNSL can function as a pour point depressant and viscosity reducer for waxy crude oils and holds promise as a renewable chemical feedstock for the production of pour point depressants and other oilfield chemicals.
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