腐殖质的定性组成和典型黑钙土的理化性质随施肥制度的不同

M. Voitovyk, I. Prymak, Oleksii Tsyuk, V. Melnyk
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摘要

土壤的形成过程与有机质的积累和循环密切相关,有机质是腐殖质矿化过程中释放的植物养分来源,因此研究腐殖质的定性组成具有重要意义。在这方面,本文的目的是测定典型黑钙土中的腐殖酸和黄腐酸,取决于施肥制度。解决这一问题的主要方法是进行实地和实验室研究,以确定腐殖质的质量指标和分散方法,以建立实验数据的准确性和可靠性。根据所进行的研究,观察到施用有机无机肥料系统导致腐植酸含量增加,而不溶性残留物显示出碳含量增加。有机矿物肥料的使用减少了非腐殖化有机物质的过度积累。此外,这些地区的土壤有机质腐殖化程度较高。以每公顷11.5吨的有机物(8吨粪肥和3.5吨副产品)和矿物肥料N27P38K45轮作的组合,使典型黑钙土的缓冲能力呈增加趋势。在这种情况下,与第一次轮作开始时相比,谷物-豆科作物轮作第二次轮作结束时,土壤的吸收能力增加了6.05毫克/当量/ 100克,专门谷物-豆科作物轮作增加了3.9毫克/当量/ 100克,豆类轮作增加了3.06毫克/当量/ 100克土壤。有机无机肥料的使用增加了专门谷物-豆类轮作中黄腐酸的第三部分,这影响了腐殖酸与黄腐酸的比例,有利于腐殖质形成的腐殖质类型。有机矿轮作中腐植酸与黄腐酸的比值在第二次轮作结束时为2.84,在第一次轮作开始时为2.24。研究资料对农民分析典型黑钙土腐殖质分群组成具有实际意义
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Qualitative composition of humus and physical and chemical properties of typical chernozem depending on the fertiliser system
The soil-forming process is closely related to the accumulation and circulation of organic substances, which are a source of nutrients for plants released during the mineralisation of humus, so research on determining the qualitative composition of humus is relevant. In this regard, the purpose of this paper is to determine humic and fulvic acids in typical chernozem, depending on the fertiliser system. The leading approaches to solving this problem are conducting field and laboratory studies to determine the quality indicators of humus and dispersion methods to establish the accuracy and reliability of experimental data. Based on the conducted studies, it was observed that the application of an organo-mineral fertiliser system leads to an increase in the content of humic acids, while the insoluble residue shows an increase in carbon content. The utilisation of organo-mineral fertilisers resulted in a reduction in the excessive accumulation of non-humified organic substances. Additionally, the soils in these areas exhibited a higher level of organic substance humification. The combination of organic matter at a rate of 11.5 tonnes per hectare (8 tonnes of manure and 3.5 tonnes of by-products) and mineral fertilizer N27P38K45 in a crop rotation resulted in an increasing trend of the buffering capacity of typical chernozem soil. In this scenario, there was an increase in absorption capacity at the end of the second rotation for grain-legume crop rotation by 6.05 mg/equiv per 100 g, specialised grain-legume rotation by 3.9 mg/equiv per 100 g, and legume rotation by 3.06 mg/equiv per 100 g of soil compared to the beginning of the first rotation. The use of organo-mineral fertilisers increases the third fraction of fulvic acids in specialised grain-legume rotation, which affects the ratio of humic acids to fulvic acids in favour of the humic type of humus formation. The ratio of humic acids to fulvic acids in the grain-planting crop rotation in the organo-mineral system was 2.84 at the end of the second rotation, and 2.24 at the beginning of the first rotation. The research materials are of practical importance for farmers when analysing the fractional-group composition of typical chernozem humus
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