Sequential use of primary malignant circulating prostate cells to detect prostate cancer

Screening for prostate cancer remains controversial; the use of circulating prostate cells could be an ideal biomarker to detect prostate cancer. However, different methods have produced differing results. We review these methods and the published results, comparing with the use of standard immunocytochemistry and double immunomarcation with anti-PSA and anti-P504S to define a primary malignant circulating prostate cell. It´s use as a sequential test in men with an elevated total serum PSA and before a prostate biopsy. We review the results comparing with total serum PSA, PSA based parameters and nomograms.