回顾民主的第四次浪潮?数字媒体与阿拉伯之春

IF 0.9 0 RELIGION
Kimberly Meltzer
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引用次数: 0

摘要

“信息基础设施就是政治,”这本书的作者写道(第87页)。Philip Howard和Muzammil Hussain精心制作了一份数据驱动的、合理的报告,阐述了信息和通信技术、公民社会行动者、独裁政权以及中东和北非的政治起义之间的相互作用,也就是众所周知的“阿拉伯之春”。许多人会发现,他们的论点的关键是明智的:既不是社交媒体和移动技术,也不是公民社会行动者单独造成了2010年12月以来该地区一连串的政治革命。相反,这些解释是结合在一起的,这本书是关于突尼斯、埃及、阿尔及利亚、也门、巴林、摩洛哥和其他16个国家的“政治动员背景”。换句话说,这是一项关于数字技术的支持使人们能够做什么的研究。但对于那些不是技术决定论者的人来说,这是一个关于人们如何利用技术的故事,这不是既定的。正如霍华德和侯赛因所说,“数字媒体帮助加快了革命的步伐,建立了它的支持者”(第18页)。关于收集和分析Twitter和博客数据的方法的非常重要和复杂的描述,这本书的观点是基于这些数据的,在搜索之后,可以在书的最后的注释中找到。数据是由华盛顿大学的霍华德信息技术和政治伊斯兰项目(www.pitpi.org)收集的,该项目由美国国家科学基金会和英特尔公司资助。分析的数据跨度为2010年11月至2011年5月。尽管该书没有对所有国家进行深入或详细的研究,但它比较了该地区22个国家的特点和结果。仅这一点就令人印象深刻,而且除了专家和内部人士之外,所有人都很难实现这一壮举。第一章概述了阿拉伯之春期间的一系列事件,突出了主要时刻,特别是数字媒体发挥作用的时刻。本书的第2章提供了一个简短的历史概述的各种技术环境和行动主义,在几年导致阿拉伯之春。关于阿拉伯之春期间活动家和公民使用数字媒体的结构、来源和内容的数据分析见第3章。重点关注突尼斯和埃及,讨论推特所扮演的角色,
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
A Review of Democracy's Fourth Wave? Digital Media and the Arab Spring
“Information infrastructure is politics,” write the authors of this book (p. 87). Philip Howard and Muzammil Hussain have crafted a data-driven and well-reasoned account of the interplay among information and communication technologies, civil society actors, authoritarian regimes, and the political uprisings in the Middle East and North Africa—what has become known as “the Arab Spring.” Many will find the crux of their argument to be sensible: neither social media and mobile technologies alone, nor civil society actors alone, caused the succession of political revolutions across the region since December 2010. Rather, the explanations are conjoined, and the book is about “the context of political mobilization” in Tunisia, Egypt, Algeria, Yemen, Bahrain, Morocco, and 16 other countries. In other words, this is a study of what the affordances of digital technologies enabled people to do. But here for all who are not technological determinists, this is a story about how people made use of technology, which was not a given. As Howard and Hussain put it, “digital media helped to accelerate the pace of revolution and build its constituency” (p. 18). The very important and complicated description of the methods used to collect and analyze the Twitter and blog data on which the book bases its claims can be found, after searching, in the Notes at the end of the book. Data were collected by Howard’s Project on Information Technology and Political Islam (www.pitpi.org) based at the University of Washington and funded by the National Science Foundation and Intel. The data analyzed span November 2010 to May 2011. Although it does not go into as much depth or detail on all of the countries, the book compares features and outcomes across 22 countries within the region. This alone is impressive, and a feat difficult to achieve for all but experts and insiders. Chapter 1 provides a recap of the sequence of events during the Arab Spring, highlighting the major moments, particularly where digital media had a role. Chapter 2 of the book provides a brief historical overview of the various technological environments and activism in the years leading up to the Arab Spring. The data analysis of the structure, sources, and content of digital media use on the part of activists and citizens during the Arab Spring is found in chapter 3. This is focused on Tunisia and then Egypt, with discussion of the roles played by Twitter,
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CiteScore
1.60
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