澳大利亚晚更新世大袋熊(Ramsayia magna)颅骨遗存与袋熊巨人症的进化(有袋目,袋熊科)

IF 2.3 2区 地球科学 Q1 PALEONTOLOGY
Julien Louys, M. Duval, R. Beck, Eleanor M. A. Pease, Ian Sobbe, Noel Sands, G. Price
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引用次数: 1

摘要

巨型袋熊(此处定义为≥70公斤)见于Phascolonus属、Ramsayia属和seophascolomys属。Ramsayia目前是最不为人所知的,已经从下颌和颅骨碎片中描述过。在这里,我们报告了归属于该属的最完整的颅骨遗骸,鉴定为R. magna。该标本为该物种的解剖学和对巨型动物的进化适应提供了新的见解。我们首次在一个呕吐虫中记录了顶窦,这是一种适应颅骨大小相对于脑壳的适应。突出的前颌棘的存在可能表明该物种拥有一个大而多肉的鼻子。这两个特征都趋同于其他体型庞大、已灭绝的澳大利亚大型食草动物,如双齿兽(Diprotodon optatum)。我们利用头骨残骸来研究巨型袋熊与其他袋熊动物的系统发育关系。利用最大简约性和贝叶斯推理的系统发育分析表明,Phascolomys、Ramsayia和Sedophascolomys形成了一个分支,表明巨型动物在Vombatidae中有一个单一的起源。这种起源可能与对劣质食物的利用有关,并且在巨型袋熊的颅骨解剖中观察到的极端特殊化之前。U - series和联合U - series和电子自旋共振(ESR)测年方法应用于一颗牙齿化石。年龄计算系统地将化石遗骸与海洋同位素阶段5相关联,可以提出该标本的年龄为8万年。由于这一分类群只有一次准确的年代记录,目前还无法确定大鼠龙何时以及为何灭绝。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Cranial remains of Ramsayia magna from the Late Pleistocene of Australia and the evolution of gigantism in wombats (Marsupialia, Vombatidae)
Giant wombats (defined here as ≥70 kg) are found in the genera Phascolonus, Ramsayia and perhaps Sedophascolomys. Ramsayia is currently the most poorly known, having been described from mandibular and cranial fragments. Here, we report the most complete cranial remains attributable to the genus, identified as R. magna. The specimen provides new insights into the anatomy of the species and evolutionary adaptations to gigantism in Vombatidae. We record parietal sinuses in a vombatid for the first time, an adaptation to increased skull size relative to the braincase. The presence of a prominent premaxillary spine may indicate that the species possessed a large, fleshy nose. Both features are convergent on other large‐bodied, non‐vombatid extinct megaherbivores of Australia such as Diprotodon optatum. We use the cranial remains to examine the phylogenetic relationships of giant wombats to other vombatids. Phylogenetic analysis using maximum parsimony and Bayesian inference indicates that Phascolomys, Ramsayia and Sedophascolomys form a clade, suggesting a single origin of gigantism within Vombatidae. This origin may be related to the exploitation of poor‐quality foods, and preceded extreme specializations observed in the cranial anatomy of the giant wombats. U‐series and combined U‐series and electron spin resonance (ESR) dating methods were applied to one fossil tooth. Age calculations systematically correlate the fossil remains to Marine Isotope Stage 5, and an age of c. 80 000 years can be proposed for this specimen. With only a single well‐dated occurrence for this taxon, it is currently impossible to determine when and why R. magna became extinct.
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来源期刊
Papers in Palaeontology
Papers in Palaeontology PALEONTOLOGY-
CiteScore
4.50
自引率
4.30%
发文量
55
期刊介绍: Papers in Palaeontology is the successor to Special Papers in Palaeontology and a journal of the Palaeontological Association (www.palass.org). The journal is devoted to the publication of papers that document the diversity of past life and its distribution in time and space. Papers in Palaeontology is devoted to the publication of papers that document the diversity of past life and its distribution in time and space. As a sister publication to Palaeontology its focus is on descriptive research, including the descriptions of new taxa, systematic revisions of higher taxa, detailed biostratigraphical and biogeographical documentation, and descriptions of floras and faunas from specific localities or regions. Most contributions are expected to be less than 30 pp long but longer contributions will be considered if the material merits it, including single topic parts. The journal publishes a wide variety of papers on palaeontological topics covering: palaeozoology, palaeobotany, systematic studies, palaeoecology, micropalaeontology, palaeobiogeography, functional morphology, stratigraphy, taxonomy, taphonomy, palaeoenvironmental reconstruction, palaeoclimate analysis, biomineralization studies.
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