20世纪50年代至60年代美国在伊朗的杠杆工具

Q2 Arts and Humanities
Gohar M. Iskandaryan
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引用次数: 0

摘要

该研究分析了二战后美国对伊朗的影响。作者描述了美国的外交政策概念是如何在伊朗发挥作用的,并为美国的石油工业打开了一扇进入伊朗的窗口。这篇文章的重要性和相关性在于,玩家并没有发生重大变化,游戏规则和他们所引发的行动也没有发生太大变化。尽管美国的外交政策工具已经现代化,但在该地区,很多时候仍在使用旧方法,因此对这些方法的研究和分析在今天非常有价值。作者试图找出20世纪下半叶的伊朗问题,并将其与美国的外交政策概念进行平行研究,以呈现和分析美国的外交政策概念如何为美国的扩张主义政策铺平道路。研究的关键发现是,美国的每一个外交政策概念基本上都是在同一政党权力持续的情况下实施的。因此,共和党人d·艾森豪威尔提出了支持美国石油大亨的概念。在他之后,民主党人肯尼迪(J.F. Kennedy)没有完全延续这种做法,只是保留了一些元素。肯尼迪(J.F. Kennedy)认为,如果伊朗政府由一位经验丰富、信奉西方价值观、能够妥善管理伊朗经济的总理领导,那么伊朗将成为美国在该地区的盟友,而不是一个依赖美国的国家。肯尼迪之后,约翰逊继续对伊朗的外交政策,通过“白色革命”推动伊朗的改革。然而,历史证明,白色革命并没有在短期内解决伊朗所有的社会经济问题。相反,君主制面临着新的和已经致命的问题。这篇文章的来源是美国总统的档案,美国国务院的档案,一些政治家的回忆录,美国总统和伊朗国王之间的通信,以及当时的伊朗媒体。作者运用了历史比较法,运用了内容分析的原则。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
US Leverage Tools in Iran in 1950s - 1960s
The study presents an analysis of American influence in Iran after the World War II. The author describes how American foreign policy concepts worked in Iran, and opened a window into the country for American oil industries. The importance and relevance of the article lie in the fact that the players have not changed significantly, nor have the rules of the game and the actions they evoke changed much. Although the foreign policy toolkit of the US has been modernized, very often old methods are still practiced in the region, thus the study and analysis of those are very valuable today. The author tries to identify the problems of Iran in the second half of the 20th century, to study them in parallel with American foreign policy concepts, to present and analyze how American concepts paved the way for the expansionist policy of the United States. The key finding of the research shows that every American foreign policy concept was basically implemented only in case of the continuity of the power of the same party. Thus, Republican D. Eisenhower promoted the concept of supporting American oil tycoons. After him, Democrat J.F. Kennedy did not continue this approach in full, but only retained some elements. J.F. Kennedy believed that if the Iranian government was headed by a skilled prime minister, an adherent of Western values, who could properly manage the Iranian economy, then Iran would become a regional ally for the United States rather than a dependent country. After J.F. Kennedy, L. Johnson continued the foreign policy approach regarding Iran by promoting the country’s reformation through the White revolution. However, as history proved, the White Revolution failed to solve all the socioeconomic problems of Iran in the short term. Instead, the monarchy faced new and already fatal problems. The sources for this paper were the archives of the US presidents, the archives of the US State Department, the memoirs of a number of politicians, the correspondence between the US presidents and the Shah, as well as the Iranian press of that time. The author has applied the historical-comparative method, using the principles of content analysis.
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来源期刊
Vestnik RUDN International Relations
Vestnik RUDN International Relations Arts and Humanities-History
CiteScore
0.90
自引率
0.00%
发文量
55
审稿时长
24 weeks
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