Propulsion system design with smart vortex generators

Adverse flow environments pose challenging design constraints in aircraft engine components and component interactions. Some examples of such flow environments are: steep pressure gradients, random and periodic unsteadiness, shock wave interactions and 3-D boundary layer separation. These adverse flow environments and interactions promote the growth of various kinds of instability waves inherent in gas turbine engines, e.g., vorticity wave, entropy wave and acoustic or pressure wave instabilities. A series of smart subsonic and supersonic flow controllers are presented with applications to the design of aircraft gas turbine engine components. They are on-demand vortex generators capable of injecting co- and counter-rotating streamwise vortices in subsonic, transonic and supersonic flow. The strength and location of the vortex is a control variable and must be optimized via a closed-loop control algorithm. The subsonic smart VG assumes a ramp-type geometry (similar to Wheeler vortex generators) and the smart supersonic VG is a tailored cavity with a movable flap concealing the cavity. The movable flap is actuated inward to expose the cavity to transonic or supersonic flow. The depth of the cavity is controlled via a closed-loop feedback control system which ties the strength of the vortex to the “desired” performance as measured by one or more sensors. Candidate cost functions are proposed in the optimization routine for each component in a gas turbine engine.