城市环境合群啮齿动物中蠕虫丰度的影响因素

D. Hancke, O. Suárez
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引用次数: 4

摘要

目前的城市化水平导致宿主、病原体或两者的生态发生变化,促进了人畜共患疾病的扩散。由于啮齿动物的存在往往与环境管理不到位有关,因此啮齿动物是建立病原体传播模型的良好生物学模型。本文的主要目的是研究城市景观中合群啮齿动物中寄生虫种群丰度的变化。在阿根廷布宜诺斯艾利斯市共捕获褐家鼠92只,家鼠65只,进行寄生虫筛查。在寄主种群尺度上研究寄生虫丰度的变化,以确定环境类型、气象条件和寄主人口统计学参数等因素对寄生虫感染率的影响。处于中间寄主或生命周期中游离幼虫阶段的寄生虫受影响最大。研究了不同城市环境下啮齿动物对生境的利用对寄生虫感染水平的影响。此外,还确定了季节对寄生虫丰度的重要性,表明气候条件对寄生虫的生存和传播至关重要。这一信息具有重要意义,因为它不仅使我们能够深化城市啮齿动物中寄生虫的生态动态,而且还表明环境条件是城市中寄生虫种群持续存在的决定因素。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Factors Affecting Helminth Abundances in Synanthropic Rodents of an Urban Environment
Current levels of urbanization cause changes in the ecology of hosts, the pathogens, or both, promoting the proliferation of zoonotic diseases. Rodents are a good biological model for the development of pathogen transmission models because it presence is often related to a none-adequate environmental management. The main goal of this paper was to study the changes in the abundance of helminth populations in synanthropic rodents of an urban landscape. A total of 92 R. norvegicus and 65 M. musculus were captured in the City of Buenos Aires (Argentina) and were screened for parasites. The variations in helminth abundances were studied at host population scale to determine the factors, such as the type of environment, meteorological conditions and demographic parameters of the hosts, which have an effect on helminth infection rates. Parasites with intermediate hosts or free living larval stages in their life cycle were the most affected. It was found how rodents’ use of the habitats in the different urban environments has an effect on the helminth infection levels. Besides, the importance of season on helminth abundance was determined, suggesting that climatic conditions are crucial for parasite survival and transmission. This information is relevant because it not only allows us to deepen the ecological dynamics of parasites in urban rodents, but also shows that environmental conditions are determinants for the persistence of helminth populations in a city.
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