Prévention nutritionnelle de l’ostéoporose chez l’adulte

A Mediterranean diet appears to be beneficial for bone health. It is recommended for the prevention of osteoporosis, especially since this diet has other health benefits unlike an unbalanced Western diet. Exclusion diets among vegetarians and especially vegans are to be avoided in the prevention of osteoporosis. In vegetarians and especially vegans, vitamin D, calcium supplementation, and sufficient protein intake must be systematically prescribed in order to reduce the excess risk of fracture. The literature globally shows a positive effect of dairy products in terms of impact on bone mineral density and fracture risk. This effect appears more marked for fermented milk products (yogurt, cheese). It is recommended to consume several varied dairy products (2 to 3) daily to prevent osteoporosis. Regarding vitamin D fortified foods, the scientific evidence is not sufficient to affirm an equivalence with vitamin D supplementation in terms of bone health. Certain strains of probiotics can reduce bone loss in a modest way, but the target population, the optimal bacterial strains and the methods of consumption remain insufficiently defined to specifically recommend their use in the prevention of osteoporosis. For Western women, there is insufficient data to recommend a soy food consumption or isoflavone supplements for the prevention of osteoporosis.