成人骨质疏松症的营养预防

Julien Paccou , Jean-Michel Lecerf , Emmanuel Biver
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摘要

地中海饮食似乎对骨骼健康有益。它被推荐用于预防骨质疏松症,特别是因为这种饮食与不平衡的西方饮食不同,有其他健康益处。在预防骨质疏松症中,素食者尤其是纯素食者应避免排外饮食。对于素食者,特别是纯素食者,必须系统地规定维生素D、钙补充和足够的蛋白质摄入,以减少过度骨折的风险。全球范围内的文献表明,乳制品对骨密度和骨折风险的影响是积极的。这种影响在发酵乳制品(酸奶、奶酪)中更为明显。建议每天食用几种不同的乳制品(2到3种)来预防骨质疏松症。关于维生素D强化食品,科学证据还不足以证实在骨骼健康方面与补充维生素D等效。某些益生菌菌株可以适度地减少骨质流失,但目标人群、最佳菌株和食用方法仍然没有足够的定义,无法明确推荐它们在预防骨质疏松症中的使用。对于西方女性,没有足够的数据来推荐食用大豆食品或异黄酮补充剂来预防骨质疏松症。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Prévention nutritionnelle de l’ostéoporose chez l’adulte

A Mediterranean diet appears to be beneficial for bone health. It is recommended for the prevention of osteoporosis, especially since this diet has other health benefits unlike an unbalanced Western diet. Exclusion diets among vegetarians and especially vegans are to be avoided in the prevention of osteoporosis. In vegetarians and especially vegans, vitamin D, calcium supplementation, and sufficient protein intake must be systematically prescribed in order to reduce the excess risk of fracture. The literature globally shows a positive effect of dairy products in terms of impact on bone mineral density and fracture risk. This effect appears more marked for fermented milk products (yogurt, cheese). It is recommended to consume several varied dairy products (2 to 3) daily to prevent osteoporosis. Regarding vitamin D fortified foods, the scientific evidence is not sufficient to affirm an equivalence with vitamin D supplementation in terms of bone health. Certain strains of probiotics can reduce bone loss in a modest way, but the target population, the optimal bacterial strains and the methods of consumption remain insufficiently defined to specifically recommend their use in the prevention of osteoporosis. For Western women, there is insufficient data to recommend a soy food consumption or isoflavone supplements for the prevention of osteoporosis.

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