氧气发生器:进化和新闻氧气发生器:进化和更新

C. Isetta
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引用次数: 1

摘要

理想的体外氧合器以生理血流速率将氧气输送到体内并将二氧化碳输送到体外,而不会造成血液损伤,启动体积也很小。与天然肺相比,人工肺的表面积要小得多,并且受到扩散的限制。尽管改进的氧合器设计在一定程度上抵消了这些差异,但即使是最有效的人工肺的最大氧转移也不到正常肺的一半。然而,50年来所取得的进展使氧合器有了相当大的改进。从超过两升,启动体积达到现在不到200毫升的无血溶液。由于连续使用的聚甲基戊烯膜具有与微孔聚乙烯膜相同的02和co2气相转移,因此完全抑制了血气界面,从而提高了生物相容性。肝素、磷胆碱或环硅氧烷包被的表面降低了细胞和非细胞血液的活性。对氧合器的疏水脱气和过滤脱气装置进行了优化,提高了安全性。在氧合器的设计中加入离心泵头,使心肺旁路电路小型化。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Oxygéenateurs : évolution et nouveautés Oxygenators : evolution and update

The ideal extracorporeal oxygenator transfers oxygen into and carbon dioxyde out of the body at physiologic blood flow rates without blood trauma and a small priming volume. Compared with natural lungs, artificial lungs have much smaller surface areas and are limited by diffusion. Despite improved oxygenators designs that offset these differences somewhat, the maximum oxygen transfer of even the most efficient artificial lungs is less than half that of normal lungs. Nevertheless the progress realized for 50 years allowed a considerable improvement of oxygenators. From more than two liters, the priming volumes reache now less than 200 ml of bloodless solutions.

The biocompatibility was recently improved by the complete suppression of the blood-air interface because of continuous polymethylpentene membranes employment with gaz transfers of 02 and C02 equal to those of the microporous polyethylene membranes. The coated surfaces by heparin, phosphorylcholine or cyclosiloxane decrease the cell and the non cell blood activation. The devices of deairing by trap and filter are optimized in the oxygenator, enhancing the safety . The miniaturization of the cardio pulmonary bypass circuits goes on with the incorporation of a centrifugal pump head in the design of the oxygenator.

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