Yu. I. Blashko
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摘要

背景:对航空事故调查的分析表明,事故的主要原因之一是机组人员在极端飞行情况下的抗压能力下降,这反过来又可能导致坠机。通过对应激源对机组有效运行的负面影响问题的研究,表明未来民航飞行员在训练过程中需要形成抗应激能力。这种质量将减少人为失误对飞行安全的威胁。目的:表征民航飞行员活动中职业压力源问题的出版物,因为他们的活动经常伴随着许多特定的压力源,其中大多数是长期的。材料与方法:在研究过程中采用了一般的科学方法——抽象逻辑、理论概括、比较、分析综合、系统分析。结果:考虑了压力对飞行员专业活动的影响问题,这在现代条件下变得特别相关,因为空中交通的数量每年都在增长。分析了职业飞行中出现的四种主要的一般压力,以及它所导致的后果。考虑和分析了在专业活动中作用于飞行员的压力源群。对心理机制(攻击性,易怒,教条主义和沮丧)的解释,可能涉及到试图应对压力的情况。结论:从应激源对飞行安全的直接影响和极端飞行情况的数量来看,进一步研究提高民航未来飞行员的培训水平,减少人为因素对飞行安全的影响具有现实意义。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Profesiini stresory v diialnosti pilotiv tsyvilnoi aviatsii [Professional stressors of civil aviation pilots’ activity]
Background: Analysis of aviation accident investigations indicates that one of the main causes of accidents is a decrease in the level of stress resistance of the crew during extreme flight situations, which in turn can lead to a crash. The study of the problem of the negative impact of stressors on the effective operation of the flight crew, indicates that there is a need to form stress resistance in future pilots of civil aviation in the training process. This quality will reduce the threat to flight safety due to human error. Purpose: To characterize publications that actualize the issues of professional stressors in the activities of civil aviation pilots, because their activities are constantly accompanied by many specific stressors, most of which are long-term. Materials and Methods: In the process of research general scientific methods were used – abstract-logical, theoretical generalization, comparison, analysis and synthesis, system analysis. Results: The problem of the impact of stress on the professional activities of pilots is considered, which in modern conditions becomes especially relevant, because the number of air traffic is growing every year. The main four types of general stress that occur in professional flying, as well as the consequences it leads to, are analyzed. Groups of stressors acting on pilots during professional activity are considered and analyzed. An explanation of the psychological mechanisms (aggression, irritability, dogmatism and frustration) that may be involved in trying to cope with a stressful situation. Conclusions: The practical importance for further research in improving the training of future pilots of civil aviation to reduce the impact of the human factor on flight safety was substantiated, as evidenced by the direct impact of stressors on flight safety and the number of extreme flight situations.
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