Synthesis of Fe3O4 nanoparticles by wet milling iron powder in a planetary ball mill

Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles with sizes ranging from 30 to 80 nm were synthesized by wet milling iron powders in a planetary ball mill. The phase composition and the morphologies of the as-synthesized products were measured by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Nanosized Fe₃O₄ particles were prepared by wet milling metallic iron powder (−200 mesh, 99%) in a planetary ball mill equipped with stainless steel vials using iron balls under distilled water with a ball-to-powder mass ratio of 50:1 and at a rotation speed of 300 rpm. The use of the iron balls in this method played a key role in Fe₃O₄ formation. The present technique is simple and the process is easy to carry out.