High-energy nuclear physics by quantum computing

High-energy nuclear physics aims at exploring and understanding the physics of matter constituted by quark and gluon. However, it is intrinsically diffculty to simulate high-energy nuclear physics from the first principle based on quantum chromodynamics with classical computers. In recent years, quantum computing has received intensive attention because it is expected to provide an ultimate solution for simulating high-energy nuclear physics. In this paper, we firstly review recent advances in quantum simulation of high-energy nuclear physics. Then some standard quantum algorithms will be introduced, such as state preparation and measurements of light-cone correlation function. Lastly, we demonstrate the advantage of quantum computing for solving the real-time evolution and the sign problems by studying hadronic scattering amplitude and phase structure of finitetemperature and finite-density matter, respectively.