基于多标准决策方法的木质素基热塑性塑料的经济和竞争潜力

Cedric DIFFO TEGUIA, N. Mehr, W. Glasser, P. Stuart
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引用次数: 1

摘要

随着新的木质素提取工厂的孵化和技术木质素产量的增加,各种木质素衍生物,包括酚醛树脂和聚氨酯(PU)泡沫,正在进入市场或在许多工业应用中用作中间产品。在可能的木质素衍生物中,由于市场、政策和技术驱动因素的共生关系,热塑性塑料显得特别有吸引力。为了评估对木质素基热塑性塑料的偏好,本文采用了以前用于评估木质素在各种应用(酚醛[PF]树脂,PU泡沫和碳纤维应用)中的使用的风险导向方法,以使用羟丙基木质素(HPL)和木质素与聚氧聚乙烯(PEO)的混溶混合物的木质素基热塑性塑料为例。HPL被考虑用于垃圾袋和农膜应用,而木质素- peo混合物被用作丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯(ABS)在汽车零部件等应用中的替代品。在该方法中,为每种热塑性衍生物定义了两个分阶段实施策略,考虑了利润最大化(90公吨/天的综合单位)和收入增长(350公吨/天的总容量)的观点,考虑了在软木硫酸盐制浆厂实施。采用了代表主要经济和市场竞争力问题的一套六个标准,并在多标准决策(MCDM)小组中获得了各自的重要性权重。前期技术经济评估作为决策准则计算的基础。与之前评估的产品衍生品相比,由于需要木质素改性步骤,热塑性塑料策略的资本投资似乎略高(在类似产能下平均高出30%,更高规模的收入多样化策略则高出6%)。由于所有热塑性塑料策略的化学费用增加,运营成本也有所增加,最终与目标热塑性塑料产品相关的收入相平衡,与其他产品应用相比,热塑性塑料策略在项目生命周期内的年利润率和现金流产生更高(在类似规模下,平均高出58%至66%)。改善经济的好处反映在经济标准,内部收益率(IRR)和使用资本的现金流量(CFCE),以及价格竞争力标准CPC。总体而言,塑料配方中相对较高的木质素含量和成本较低的改性方法相结合,有助于木质素- peo策略,获得前两名。根据他们的总体得分,为HPL定义的两种策略也将整合一组“首选”策略,但被考虑木质素定位在PU泡沫应用中的策略所超越。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Economic and competitive potential of lignin-based thermoplastics using a multicriteria decision-making method
As a result of new lignin extraction plants hatching and increasing volumes of technical lignin becoming available, a variety of lignin derivatives, including phenolic resins and polyurethane (PU) foams, are reaching the marketplace or being used as intermediate products in many industrial applications. In the spectrum of possible lignin derivatives, thermoplastics appear particularly attractive due to a symbiosis of market, policy, and technology drivers. To assess the preferredness for lignin-based thermoplastics, this paper adapted a risk-oriented methodology formerly applied to assess lignin usage in various applications (phenol-formaldehyde [PF] resins, PU foams, and carbon fiber applications) to the case of lignin-based thermoplastics using hydroxypropylated lignin (HPL) and miscible blends of lignin and polyethylene oxide (PEO). The HPL is considered for garbage bags and agricultural films applications, while lignin-PEO blends are used as replacement for acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) in applications such as automotive parts. In the methodology, two phased-implementation strategies were defined for each thermoplastic derivative, considering perspectives for profit maximization (90 metric tons/day integrated units) and revenue growth (350 metric tons/day overall capacity), which were considered for implementation within a softwood kraft pulping mill. A set of six criteria representative of the main economic and market competitiveness issues were employed, and their respective importance weights were obtained in a multicriteria decision-making (MCDM) panel. Early-stage techno-economic estimates were done as a basis for the calculation of decision criteria. Compared to product derivatives previously assessed, capital investment for thermoplastic strategies appeared marginally higher due to the required lignin modification steps (on average 30% higher at similar capacity, and 6% for higher-scale revenue diversification strategies). Higher operating costs were also observed due to increased chemical expenses for all thermoplastic strategies, which are ultimately balanced by revenues associated with targeted thermoplastic products, leading to greater annual margins and cash flow generation over the project lifetime for thermoplastic strategies compared to other product applications (58% to 66% higher on average, at similar scale). Benefits of improved economics were reflected in economic criteria, internal rate of return (IRR), and cash flow on capital employed (CFCE), as well as in the price competitiveness criterion, CPC. Overall, the combination of relatively high lignin content in the plastic formulation and the less costly modification method contributed to lignin-PEO strategies, gaining the top two rankings. Based on their overall scores, both strategies defined for HPL would also integrate the group of “preferred” strategies, but are outranked by strategies that consider lignin positioning on PU foam applications.
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