Research Challenges in Trustworthy Artificial Intelligence and Computing for Health: The Case of the PRE-ACT project

The PRE-ACT project is a newly launched Horizon Europe project that aims to use Artificial Intelligence (AI) towards predicting the risk of side effects of radiotherapy treatment for breast cancer patients. In this paper, we outline four main threads pertaining to AI and computing that are part of the project's research agenda, namely: (i) Explainable AI techniques to make the risk prediction interpretable for the patient and the clinician; (ii) Fair AI techniques to identify and explain potential biases in clinical decision support systems; (iii) Training of AI models from distributed data through Federated Learning algorithms to ensure data privacy; (iv) Mobile applications to provide the patients and clinicians with an interface for the side effect risk prediction. For each of these directions, we provide an overview of the state-of-the-art, with emphasis on techniques that are more relevant for the project. Collectively, these four threads can be seen as enforcing Trustworthy AI and pave the way to transparent and responsible AI systems that are adopted by end-users and may thus unleash the full potential of AI.