哪一种束缚是哀悼的?对凯文·贝尔斯的《一次性人》的批判性解读

Gustavo Alvim De Góes Bezerra
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引用次数: 1

摘要

凯文·贝尔斯(Kevin Bales)在《一次性人:全球经济中的新奴隶制》(Disposable People: new slavery in the Global Economy)一书中分析了不同国家和经济背景下的正式经济中的奴隶劳动。认识到贝尔斯提出的谴责的重要性,本文分析了作者批评中的欧洲中心主义,以及将当代奴隶制与19世纪奴隶制进行比较解读的可能性,强调除了不同的历史时期外,区分实践的也是它们的意义。这种批评分为两部分:第一部分的重点是贝尔的看法,即当代形式的奴隶制比19世纪的奴隶制更残酷。第二部分批评了奴隶制作为一种工作和奴隶制作为一种制度之间的差异,以及尽管两者都涉及到对人的深刻暴力,但这种差异使作者无法进行比较。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Qual Escravidão é Enlutada? Uma leitura crítica de Disposable People de Kevin Bales
No livro "Disposable People: new slavery in the Global Economy", Kevin Bales analisa o trabalho escravo como componente da economia formal em diferentes paises e contextos economicos. Reconhecendo a importância da denuncia desenvolvida por Bales, este trabalho analisa o eurocentrismo na critica do autor e a possibilidade de uma leitura comparativa da escravidao contemporânea com aquela do seculo XIX, destacando que, mais do que tempos historicos distintos, o que separa as praticas e tambem os seus significados. Essa critica esta dividida em duas partes: na primeira secao, o foco e a percepcao de Bales de que formas de escravidao contemporâneas sao mais crueis que aquelas do seculo XIX. A segunda secao parte da critica a diferenca entre a escravidao como trabalho e a escravidao como sistema, e como, apesar de ambos envolverem profundas violencias contra pessoas, essa diferenca impossibilita a comparacao que o autor pretende fazer. ABSTRACT In “Disposable People: new slavery in the Global Economy”, Kevin Bales presents how close to the formal economy is the slave labor in a number of countries and economic contexts. Acknowledging for the importance of the denouncement, this paper analyses the eurocentrism of his criticism and the possibility of comparing contemporary slavery with that of the 19 th Century, by arguing that more than different historical times, both phenomena are separated also by their meaning. This criticism is divided in two: in the first section, the focus is on Bales’ perception that contemporary practices of enslavement are more cruel than that of the 19 th Century. The second part of the critique focuses on the distinction between enslavement as labor and enslavement as a system and how this difference makes it impossible any kind of comparison, despite the fact that both have to do with profound violence against people. Palavras-chave: Escravidao Contemporânea; Segunda- Escravidao; Historia das Relacoes Internacionais Keywords: Contemporary Slavery; Second Slavery; International Relations History Recebido em 15 de Outubro de 2018 | Received on Octubre 15, 2018 Aceito em 30 de Dezembro de 2018 | Accepted on December 30, 2018 DOI: 10.12957/rmi.2018.37818
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