Effects of Red Mud on Plant Growth in an Artificial Soil Mixture

Transforming economies towards the increased circular use of raw materials and keeping resource consumption within planetary boundaries is a major challenge. In our previous research, we utilized sewage sludge to produce artificial soil mixtures well-suited to the biological recultivation of degraded areas. The present study investigated how we can integrate red mud, often considered waste, into this circular management form. With red mud volume ratios of 15% and 30%, we experienced good germination and growth in Siberian elm (Ulmus pumila L.), white poplar (Populus alba L.), black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) and the perennial multipurpose crop, Virginia mallow (Sida hermaphrodita L.). Our results indicate that it is worthwhile to scale up this cheap, economically and ecologically favourable combined waste recovery and mine reclamation technology and to expand its use to fullscale operation.