¿Qué variables se asocian con un buen control metabólico en pacientes con diabetes tipo 1?

Objectives

To evaluate the epidemiological, clinical and healthy lifestyle adherence variables that are associated with HbA1c ≤ 7% in patients with type 1 diabetes (DM-1).

Methods

A descriptive observational study was conducted in 130 patients with DM-1 of 33.7 ± 11.7 years old. Various clinical, anthropometric and analytical variables were analysed, together with the results of the “Minnesota Leisure Time Physical Activity Questionnaire” and “Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet Questionnaire”.

Results

Patients with HbA1c ≤ 7% (n = 39) spent more time on physical activity (PA) (999.7 ± 538.6 versus 719.5 ± 386.0 versus 834.2 ± 512.7 minutes/PA/week, P = .010) and intense PA (180.6 ± 80.4 versus 259.3 ± 125.5 versus 104.3 ± 139.9 minutes/PA intense/week, P = .037), compared with patients with HbA1c between 7-8% (n = 41) and higher than 8% (n = 50). Patients with HbA1c ≤ 7% were more likely to be college graduates (77%) than patients of other groups. There were no significant differences in HbA1c levels according to age, sex, diabetes evolution, body mass index, number of hypoglycaemia, presence of chronic complications, or adherence to the Mediterranean diet. In the multivariate analysis, the independent variables “college graduate” and “spent more than 150 minutes of intense physical activity a week” showed a significant association with the dependent variable “HbA1c ≤ 7%”.

Conclusions

In our study, patients with DM-1 and HbA1c ≤ 7% were most often college graduates and spent more time practicing intense physical activity than patients with poor metabolic control.