A Meso-Cenozoic continental kinematic model and new concept of continental dynamic mechanism

This paper suggests for the first time that the Meso-Cenozoic process of continental convergence, dispersal and oceanic crustal renewal kinematically belongs to a spherical two-dimensional spiral movement and is a spherical-surface reflection of the three-dimensional spiral movement of the mantle circulation. The three-dimensional spiral movement of the mantle is genetically the results of coupling of the mantle meridional circulation with the rotation of the mantle currents around the Earth's axis, and is similar in kinematic nature to that of the Earth's atmospheric and oceanic circulations, both being genetically related with the Earth's rotation. The only difference between them is that the thermal energy of the atmospheric and oceanic thermal convections is derived from the solar radiation, while that of the mantle thermal convection comes from the Earth's interior. The present paper gives evidence for the close link between the thermodynamic process of mass movement of the Earth's spheres and the movement of the Earth as a celestial body, thus pinpointing a direction for studying the science of the Earth's system.