Lipid changes and their relationship with vitamin D levels in children under 18 years with type 1 diabetes

Objective

To analyze lipid changes and their relationship with 25-hydroxy vitamin D3 (25-OH-D) levels in patients under 18 years old with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM).

Material and methods

A cross-sectional, descriptive study. Patients under 18 years with T1DM were enrolled by consecutive, nonrandomized sampling. Data collected included sex, age, pubertal stage, time since T1DM onset, weight, height, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), 25-OH-D, total cholesterol (TC), LDL cholesterol (LDL-C), HDL cholesterol (HDL-C), and triglycerides (TG). Results were stratified by sex, age, and pubertal stage. Data were analyzed using SPSS^®.

Results

Ninety patients with a mean age of 11.7 ± 3.6 years (51.1% males) and mean HbA1c levels of 7.5 ± 1.3% were enrolled. Of these, 26.6% had 25-OH-D levels <20 ng/mL and 13.3% 25-OH-D levels ≤15 ng/mL. No differences were found in 25-OH-D between patients with overweight or obesity and the rest. HDL-C levels <40 ng/mL were found in 1.1%, 34.4% had LDL-C levels ≥100 mg/dL, and 2.2% had TG levels ≥150 mg/dL. Patients with 25-OH-D <20 ng/mL had higher TG levels than the rest (76.80 ± 45.62 vs 57.55 ± 26.08; P = .04) in the multivariate analysis controlled for BMI, waist circumference, and HbA1c. A correlation was found between 25-OH-D and TG levels (−0.230; P = .029).

Conclusions

Patients in our population with vitamin D deficiency had higher TG levels. Long-term follow-up should be performed to understand the potential impact of such levels on diabetes-related complications.