Thomas Y. Wu, Yi-Hung Liu, Fang-hsin Lin, Yue Liu, Junjie Liu, Jinsang Jung, Wesley Zongrong Yu, Qinde Liu, Richard Y. C. Shin, Tang Lin Teo
{"title":"新冠肺炎感染控制中人工唾液和盐水液滴尺寸测量精度的研究","authors":"Thomas Y. Wu, Yi-Hung Liu, Fang-hsin Lin, Yue Liu, Junjie Liu, Jinsang Jung, Wesley Zongrong Yu, Qinde Liu, Richard Y. C. Shin, Tang Lin Teo","doi":"10.1007/s41810-023-00190-9","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The size of human speech or cough droplets decides their air-borne transport distance, life span and virus infection risk. We have investigated the measurement accuracy of artificial saliva and saline droplet size for more effective COVID-19 infection control. A spray generator was used for polydisperse droplet generation and a special test chamber was designed for droplet measurement. Saline and artificial saliva were gravimetrically prepared and used to generate droplets. The droplet spray generator and the test chamber were circulated among four metrology institutes (NMC, CMS/ITRI, NIM and KRISS) for droplet size measurement and evaluation of deviations. The composition of artificial saliva was determined by measuring the mass fraction of the inorganic ions. The density of dried artificial saliva droplets was estimated using its composition and the density of each non-volatile component. The volume equivalent diameter (VED) of droplets have been measured by aerodynamic particle sizer (APS) and optical particle size spectrometer (OPSS). As a response to the COVID-19 pandemic, this is the first time that a comparative study among four metrology institutes has been conducted to evaluate the accuracy of saliva and saline droplet size measurement. For artificial saliva droplets measured by OPSS, the deviations from the reference VED (~ 4 μm) were below 5.3%. For saline droplets measured by APS, the deviations from the reference VED were below 10.0%. The potential droplet size measurement errors have been discussed. This work underscores the need for new reference size standards to improve the accuracy and establish traceability in saliva and saline droplet size measurement.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36991,"journal":{"name":"Aerosol Science and Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6000,"publicationDate":"2023-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Investigation of the Artificial Saliva and Saline Droplet Size Measurement Accuracy for COVID-19 Infection Control\",\"authors\":\"Thomas Y. Wu, Yi-Hung Liu, Fang-hsin Lin, Yue Liu, Junjie Liu, Jinsang Jung, Wesley Zongrong Yu, Qinde Liu, Richard Y. C. Shin, Tang Lin Teo\",\"doi\":\"10.1007/s41810-023-00190-9\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><p>The size of human speech or cough droplets decides their air-borne transport distance, life span and virus infection risk. We have investigated the measurement accuracy of artificial saliva and saline droplet size for more effective COVID-19 infection control. A spray generator was used for polydisperse droplet generation and a special test chamber was designed for droplet measurement. Saline and artificial saliva were gravimetrically prepared and used to generate droplets. The droplet spray generator and the test chamber were circulated among four metrology institutes (NMC, CMS/ITRI, NIM and KRISS) for droplet size measurement and evaluation of deviations. The composition of artificial saliva was determined by measuring the mass fraction of the inorganic ions. The density of dried artificial saliva droplets was estimated using its composition and the density of each non-volatile component. The volume equivalent diameter (VED) of droplets have been measured by aerodynamic particle sizer (APS) and optical particle size spectrometer (OPSS). As a response to the COVID-19 pandemic, this is the first time that a comparative study among four metrology institutes has been conducted to evaluate the accuracy of saliva and saline droplet size measurement. For artificial saliva droplets measured by OPSS, the deviations from the reference VED (~ 4 μm) were below 5.3%. For saline droplets measured by APS, the deviations from the reference VED were below 10.0%. The potential droplet size measurement errors have been discussed. This work underscores the need for new reference size standards to improve the accuracy and establish traceability in saliva and saline droplet size measurement.</p></div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":36991,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Aerosol Science and Engineering\",\"volume\":null,\"pages\":null},\"PeriodicalIF\":1.6000,\"publicationDate\":\"2023-07-22\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Aerosol Science and Engineering\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"93\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s41810-023-00190-9\",\"RegionNum\":4,\"RegionCategory\":\"环境科学与生态学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q4\",\"JCRName\":\"ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Aerosol Science and Engineering","FirstCategoryId":"93","ListUrlMain":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s41810-023-00190-9","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q4","JCRName":"ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES","Score":null,"Total":0}
Investigation of the Artificial Saliva and Saline Droplet Size Measurement Accuracy for COVID-19 Infection Control
The size of human speech or cough droplets decides their air-borne transport distance, life span and virus infection risk. We have investigated the measurement accuracy of artificial saliva and saline droplet size for more effective COVID-19 infection control. A spray generator was used for polydisperse droplet generation and a special test chamber was designed for droplet measurement. Saline and artificial saliva were gravimetrically prepared and used to generate droplets. The droplet spray generator and the test chamber were circulated among four metrology institutes (NMC, CMS/ITRI, NIM and KRISS) for droplet size measurement and evaluation of deviations. The composition of artificial saliva was determined by measuring the mass fraction of the inorganic ions. The density of dried artificial saliva droplets was estimated using its composition and the density of each non-volatile component. The volume equivalent diameter (VED) of droplets have been measured by aerodynamic particle sizer (APS) and optical particle size spectrometer (OPSS). As a response to the COVID-19 pandemic, this is the first time that a comparative study among four metrology institutes has been conducted to evaluate the accuracy of saliva and saline droplet size measurement. For artificial saliva droplets measured by OPSS, the deviations from the reference VED (~ 4 μm) were below 5.3%. For saline droplets measured by APS, the deviations from the reference VED were below 10.0%. The potential droplet size measurement errors have been discussed. This work underscores the need for new reference size standards to improve the accuracy and establish traceability in saliva and saline droplet size measurement.
期刊介绍:
ASE is an international journal that publishes high-quality papers, communications, and discussion that advance aerosol science and engineering. Acceptable article forms include original research papers, review articles, letters, commentaries, news and views, research highlights, editorials, correspondence, and new-direction columns. ASE emphasizes the application of aerosol technology to both environmental and technical issues, and it provides a platform not only for basic research but also for industrial interests. We encourage scientists and researchers to submit papers that will advance our knowledge of aerosols and highlight new approaches for aerosol studies and new technologies for pollution control. ASE promotes cutting-edge studies of aerosol science and state-of-art instrumentation, but it is not limited to academic topics and instead aims to bridge the gap between basic science and industrial applications. ASE accepts papers covering a broad range of aerosol-related topics, including aerosol physical and chemical properties, composition, formation, transport and deposition, numerical simulation of air pollution incidents, chemical processes in the atmosphere, aerosol control technologies and industrial applications. In addition, ASE welcomes papers involving new and advanced methods and technologies that focus on aerosol pollution, sampling and analysis, including the invention and development of instrumentation, nanoparticle formation, nano technology, indoor and outdoor air quality monitoring, air pollution control, and air pollution remediation and feasibility assessments.