印度中部Sagar附近上Rewa砂岩成岩作用、相及古流分析

Gaurav K. Singh , Ashish K. Rai , Arvind K. Singh
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引用次数: 0

摘要

太古宙Bundelkhand花岗岩和广泛的元古代Vindhyan沉积物之间的主要接触所代表的地层表面是区域基底-盖层不整合。这种结晶-沉积界面反映了海侵期间大陆地壳的强烈风化。三次海侵沉砂事件,即Kaimur、Rewa和Bhander,主要发生在整个Vindhyan沉积期间。从地层上看,Upper Rewa砂岩包括Vindhyan盆地的其中一个事件。在将这些砂岩解释为潮汐-河流-风成活动组合的完全海洋过程的函数方面,已经取得了相当大的进展。到目前为止,所有的结果都是在沉积相、物源、古水流分析和一些岩石学的基础上得出的。上雷瓦砂岩的海洋和河流成分之间的明显差异仍然不确定。在这里,我们首次将成岩作用作为一个参数,同时进行岩相和古水流分析,以获得对海洋和河流主导过程的清晰理解。本研究跨越27平方公里的区域,涵盖15个地层剖面,收集了571个特定相沉积结构的定向数据,以及28个用于薄片分析的样本。上雷瓦砂岩下部单元显示出典型的潮汐环境相组合,以及多模式古水流。这些岩石分选良好,主要由自生水泥岩化。同轴、被动孔隙充填和颗粒置换胶结物复合体的广泛发育反映了下部单元砂岩的常压性质。然而,上雷瓦砂岩的上部单元显示出类似于河流过程和单峰古水流图的相模式。它们表现出较差的分选、硅质和铁质基质,以及强烈的缝合岩的发育。由于压力溶解是岩化的主要模式;因此,上部单元岩石压力过大。发现与上雷瓦砂岩有关的砂沉积事件包括海洋和河流过程。这种基于成岩作用的方法可用于标记基因不同沉积单元之间可能存在的基于相的不整合。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Diagenesis, facies and palaeocurrent analysis of Upper Rewa Sandstone around Sagar, Central India

The stratigraphic surface represented by a major contact between the Archean Bundelkhand Granite and the extensive Proterozoic Vindhyan sediments is a regional basement cover unconformity. This crystalline–sedimentary interface reflects an intense weathering of continental crust during marine transgression. Three time-transgressive sand deposition events viz. Kaimur, Rewa and Bhander are mainly witnessed during the entire Vindhyan sedimentation. Stratigraphically, the Upper Rewa Sandstone comprises one of these events in the Vindhyan Basin. Considerable progress has been made in interpreting these sandstones as a function of entirely marine process to a combination of tidal–fluvio–eolian activities. All the results have so far been attained on the basis of sedimentary facies, provenance, palaeocurrent analysis, and some of petrography. A distinct differentiation between marine and fluvial components of the Upper Rewa Sandstone still remains uncertain. Here, we use diagenesis as a parameter for the first time along with facies and palaeocurrent analysis to acquire a clear comprehension of marine- and fluvial-dominated processes. The present study spans 27 square kilometer area covering 15 stratigraphic sections with a collection of 571 directional data from the facies specific sedimentary structures, and 28 samples obtained for the thin section analysis.

The lower unit of the Upper Rewa Sandstone shows facies association typical of tidal environment, along with polymodal palaeocurrent. These rocks are well sorted and dominantly lithified by authigenic cement. Profuse development of a complex of syntaxial, passive pore fills, and grain replacive cements reflect normally pressured nature of the lower unit sandstones. The upper unit of the Upper Rewa Sandstone however, reveals a facies pattern resembling fluvial processes and unimodal palaeocurrent plot. They exhibit poor sorting, siliceous, and ferruginous matrix, and development of intense stylolites. Since, pressure solution is a dominant mode of lithification; the upper unit rocks therefore, are overpressured. Sand deposition event pertaining to the Upper Rewa Sandstone is found to comprise both marine and fluvial processes. Such a diagenesis based approach can be applied for marking a possible facies based unconformity between genetically different depositional units.

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