天然植物化学物质可以用来减少反刍动物的氮排泄和排泄物产生的N2O排放吗?

IF 6.3 Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE
Yuchao Zhao, Ming Liu, Linshu Jiang, Leluo Guan
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引用次数: 0

摘要

反刍动物通过将人类不能或选择不食用的植物生物量转化为可食用的高质量食物,在我们的食物系统中发挥着关键作用。然而,反刍动物排泄物是一氧化二氮(N2O)的重要来源,N2O是一种强效温室气体,其长期全球变暖潜力是二氧化碳的298倍。天然植物化学物质或含有植物化学物质的牧草已显示出提高氮(N)利用效率和减少反刍动物排泄物中N2O排放的潜力。膳食中含有单宁可以将更多排泄的氮转移到粪便中,改变尿液中的氮成分,从而减少排泄物中的N2O排放。精油或皂苷可以抑制瘤胃氨的产生,减少尿氮的排泄。在放牧的牧场中,当动物食用富含硫代葡萄糖苷或桃叶珊瑚素的植物,然后在尿液或粪便中排泄这些化合物或其代谢产物时,可以将大量硫代葡萄糖苷和桃叶珊瑚苷引入牧场土壤。如果抑制性化合物在尿液中排泄,它们将直接应用于尿液贴片,以减少硝化作用和随后的N2O排放。植物化学物质在可持续反刍动物生产中的作用是不可否认的,但仍存在许多不确定性。不一致性、短暂影响和不良影响限制了这些植物化学物质减少氮损失的有效性。在这篇综述中,我们将确定目前在饲料中发现的一些植物化学物质,这些物质有可能控制反刍动物的氮排泄或减少N2O的产生,并探讨使用富含植物化学物质的植物化学物质或牧草作为减少氮排泄和排泄物产生的N2O排放的饮食策略所带来的挑战和机遇。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Could natural phytochemicals be used to reduce nitrogen excretion and excreta-derived N2O emissions from ruminants?

Ruminants play a critical role in our food system by converting plant biomass that humans cannot or choose not to consume into edible high-quality food. However, ruminant excreta is a significant source of nitrous oxide (N2O), a potent greenhouse gas with a long-term global warming potential 298 times that of carbon dioxide. Natural phytochemicals or forages containing phytochemicals have shown the potential to improve the efficiency of nitrogen (N) utilization and decrease N2O emissions from the excreta of ruminants. Dietary inclusion of tannins can shift more of the excreted N to the feces, alter the urinary N composition and consequently reduce N2O emissions from excreta. Essential oils or saponins could inhibit rumen ammonia production and decrease urinary N excretion. In grazed pastures, large amounts of glucosinolates or aucubin can be introduced into pasture soils when animals consume plants rich in these compounds and then excrete them or their metabolites in the urine or feces. If inhibitory compounds are excreted in the urine, they would be directly applied to the urine patch to reduce nitrification and subsequent N2O emissions. The phytochemicals' role in sustainable ruminant production is undeniable, but much uncertainty remains. Inconsistency, transient effects, and adverse effects limit the effectiveness of these phytochemicals for reducing N losses. In this review, we will identify some current phytochemicals found in feed that have the potential to manipulate ruminant N excretion or mitigate N2O production and deliberate the challenges and opportunities associated with using phytochemicals or forages rich in phytochemicals as dietary strategies for reducing N excretion and excreta-derived N2O emissions.

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来源期刊
CiteScore
10.30
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