新生儿虐待与大脑发育

IF 0.3 Q4 PEDIATRICS

Journal of Pediatric and Neonatal Individualized Medicine Pub Date : 2014-10-05 DOI:10.7363/030228

K. Yurdakök

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引用次数: 2

摘要

儿童早期是大脑快速变化的时期。在儿童早期，大脑通过突触发生、修剪和髓鞘形成并完善了一个复杂的连接网络。大脑的发育是由基因调控的，基因与早期经历有着深刻的相互作用。某些能力的发展有一些敏感时期。这指的是发育过程中的关键时间窗口，大脑的某些部分可能最容易受到发育过程中特定经历的影响。人类大脑的大多数功能是由遗传潜能和适当的时间经历之间复杂的相互作用产生的。早期的产后经历在塑造神经系统的功能能力方面起着重要作用，神经系统负责调节我们的认知、情感、社会和生理功能。当必要的经验没有在最佳时间提供时，这些神经系统就不会以最佳方式发展。新生儿时期的不良环境和经历会显著影响下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴(HPA轴)的发育，而HPA轴是适应性行为反应的基础。早期生活压力会影响下丘脑轴的发育，并对神经可塑性产生深远影响，从而对神经行为产生长期影响。动物研究表明，这些神经生物学变化不仅持久，而且也可以通过非基因传递传递给后代。嗅觉、听觉、视觉和触觉刺激可能是大脑发育的重要线索，对调节社会和情感行为的神经内分泌系统产生特定影响，并可能对后代产生影响。第十届国际新生儿科研讨会论文集·卡利亚里(意大利)·2014年10月22日至25日·过去的十年，未来的十年在新生儿科客座编辑:Vassilios Fanos, Michele Mussap, Gavino Faa, Apostolos Papageorgiou

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Neonatal maltreatment and brain development

The early childhood years are a period of rapid change in the brain. During early childhood, the brain forms and refines a complex network of connections through synaptogenesis, pruning, and myelination. The development of the brain is regulated by genes, which interact profoundly with early experience. There are sensitive periods for development of certain capabilities. These refer to critical windows of time in the developmental process when certain parts of the brain may be most susceptible to particular experiences during its development. Most functions of the human brain result from a complex interplay between genetic potential and appropriately timed experiences. Early postnatal experiences play a major role in shaping the functional capacity of the neural systems responsible for mediating our cognitive, emotional, social and physiological functions. When the necessary experiences are not provided at the optimal times, these neural systems do not develop in optimal ways. Adverse environments and experiences during the neonatal period can dramatically affect the development of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA axis) that underlies adaptive behavioral responses. Early life stress programs HPA axis development and exerts profound effects on neural plasticity, with resultant long-term influences on neurobehavior. Animal studies show that not only are these neurobiological changes long lasting, but that they too can be passed on to future generations via non-genetic transmission. Olfactory, auditory, visual and tactile stimulation may serve as an important cue for brain development exerting specific effects on neuroendocrine systems regulating social and emotional behavior which may have consequences for subsequent generations of offspring. Proceedings of the 10 th International Workshop on Neonatology · Cagliari (Italy) · October 22 nd -25 th , 2014 · The last ten years, the next ten years in Neonatology Guest Editors: Vassilios Fanos, Michele Mussap, Gavino Faa, Apostolos Papageorgiou

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来源期刊

Journal of Pediatric and Neonatal Individualized Medicine PEDIATRICS-

CiteScore

1.00

自引率

25.00%

发文量

审稿时长

12 weeks

期刊介绍： The Journal of Pediatric and Neonatal Individualized Medicine (JPNIM) is a peer-reviewed interdisciplinary journal which provides a forum on new perspectives in pediatric and neonatal medicine. The aim is to discuss and to bring readers up to date on the latest in research and clinical pediatrics and neonatology. Special emphasis is on developmental origin of health and disease or perinatal programming and on the so-called ‘-omic’ sciences. Systems medicine blazes a revolutionary trail from reductionist to holistic medicine, from descriptive medicine to predictive medicine, from an epidemiological perspective to a personalized approach. The journal will be relevance to clinicians and researchers concerned with personalized care for the newborn and child. Also medical humanities will be considered in a tailored way. Article submission (original research, review papers, invited editorials and clinical cases) will be considered in the following fields: fetal medicine, perinatology, neonatology, pediatrics, developmental programming, psychology and medical humanities.