在印度喀拉拉邦埃纳库拉姆的三级保健机构中,描述了以正红细胞、正色贫血为表现的疾病谱

Unnikrishnan Govind, Febby K Philip
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引用次数: 0

摘要

简介:贫血是在常规实验室检查中发现的常见问题。根据红细胞形态,贫血可分为小细胞性低色性贫血、大细胞性贫血和正色性贫血(NNA)。贫血本身并不是一种诊断,而仅仅是潜在疾病的客观迹象。正确的治疗需要了解病情的发病机制。不同种类的临床疾病表现为NNA,对临床医生提出了巨大的挑战。目的:确定表现为NNA的疾病谱系,并使用世界卫生组织(WHO)标准对个体的年龄和性别进行贫血分级。材料和方法:本前瞻性描述性研究于2017年2月至2018年1月在印度喀拉拉邦埃纳库拉姆的一家三级护理教学医院进行。共有514名符合纳入标准的患者被纳入研究。在详细的病史和临床检查后,进行了调查,包括全血细胞计数(CBC)、外周涂片准备、网织红细胞计数、肾功能检查(RFT)、肝功能检查(LFT),必要时还进行了骨髓检查和放射学检查。所得数据采用Microsoft Excel 365进行统计分析。描述性统计数据,即病例数、百分比、与其他疾病的合并、不同年龄组的不同累及、男女比例和贫血等级,被用于描述以NNA表现的疾病谱。结果:514例患者中,成人433例,儿童81例。成年男性平均年龄58岁,女性平均年龄57岁,血红蛋白(Hb)分别为9.04 g/dL和8.99 g/dL。儿科人群平均Hb为10.18 g/dL。514名患者共出现106种情况。将疾病状况进一步分为10个亚型。2型糖尿病(T2DM)是沿NNA最常见的相关疾病(112例),其次是冠状动脉疾病(CAD)(74例)。特发性病例79例。结论:NNA占研究期间提交实验室的病例的25%。T2DM与NNA及CAD相关。了解贫血的种类以及诊断方案将对更好地管理患者大有帮助。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Descriptive Study of the Spectrum of Disorders Presenting as Normocytic Normochromic Anaemia from a Tertiary Care Setting at Ernakulam, Kerala, India
Introduction: Anaemia is a common problem discovered on routine laboratory tests. Based on red cell morphology, anaemia can be classified as microcytic hypochromic, macrocytic and Normocytic Normochromic Anaemia (NNA). Anaemia is not a diagnosis in itself, but merely an objective sign of underlying disease. The correct treatment requires an understanding of the pathogenesis of the condition. Varied number of clinical disorders manifests as NNA and pose a great challenge to the clinician. Aim: To identify the spectrum of disorders presenting as NNA and to grade anaemia across age and sex of individual using World Health Organisation (WHO) criteria. Materials and Methods: This prospective descriptive study was conducted in a tertiary care teaching hospital, Ernakulam, Kerala, India during one year period of February 2017-January 2018. Total of 514 patients meeting the inclusion criteria were recruited for the study. After taking detailed history and clinical examination, investigations were done including Complete Blood Count (CBC), peripheral smear preparation, reticulocyte count, Renal Function Tests (RFT), Liver Function Tests (LFT) and if necessary, bone marrow study and radiological studies were done. The data obtained was statistically analysed using Microsoft Excel 365. Descriptive statistics viz., number of cases, percentage, concomitant involvement with other disorders, differential involvement with various age groups, male:female ratio, and grade of anaemia were utilised to describe the spectrum of disorders presenting as NNA. Results: Of the 514 patients, 433 were adults and 81 were in paediatric age group. The average age in adult males were 58 years and in females 57 years with Haemoglobin (Hb) being 9.04 g/dL and 8.99 g/dL, respectively. Paediatric population had an average Hb of 10.18 g/dL. A total of 106 conditions were seen among the 514 patients. The disease conditions were further categorised into 10 subtypes. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) constituted single most common associated disorder (112 cases) seen along NNA followed by Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) (74 cases). Idiopathic cases constituted 79 cases. Conclusion: The NNA constituted 25% of the cases presented to the laboratory during the study period. T2DM was associated with NNA along with CAD. An understanding of the categories of anaemia along with a diagnostic protocol will go a long way in better management of the patient.
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