Significance of the case of Urgenda for the development of climate litigations in Europe

The article comprehensively analyses the case of Urgenda v. the Netherlands as the first successful climate litigation in Europe. The article analyses the arguments on which the Dutch courts established state responsibility for human rights violations caused by the failure of the state in the implementation of policies to combat climate change. The significance of this case is pointed out not only for Dutch, but also for international law. The second part of the article will show how the Urgenda case affected climate litigation that began to appear before national courts across Europe. Through a comparative analysis of cases, it will be pointed out that there is uneven case law in climate litigation before national courts. It will be seen how the Urgenda case had an impact on the initiation of climate disputes and before the European Court of Human Rights. Particular attention is paid to the issue of the connection between the impact of climate change and the torture caused by the harmful effects of global warming, which was initiated before the European Court of Human Rights in Strasbourg. At the end of the article, the perspective of climate litigation is considered.