{"title":"草原鸟类的死亡率随着输电线路的增加而增加","authors":"C. J. Martin, E. Bork, S. Nielsen","doi":"10.5751/ace-02096-170117","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":". Electrical transmission line development has been expanding globally by 5% per year, leading to increases in avian collisions with lines. Canadian estimates of transmission line collision mortalities range from 2.5 to 25.6 million birds per year, with the majority of mortalities attributed to collisions with overhead shield wires, and by susceptible birds that are young, large-bodied, with low maneuverability, or in open habitats. In this study, avian mortality was estimated for a ~4900 ha area in the mixed-grass prairie of southeastern Alberta following construction of two major transmission lines. We surveyed seven 500 m transects 7–10 times during both the breeding and migration seasons, where transects were categorized into road (n = 2), transmission line (n = 2), wetland (with transmission lines above; n = 1), or control (n = 2) areas. During the 2016 breeding season (5 May–24 June), we detected 23 mortalities under transmission lines, 7 mortalities beside roads, and no mortalities in controls. In the 2017 spring migration season (31 March–5 May), we detected 24 mortalities under transmission lines, 3 mortalities beside roads, and no mortalities in controls. Mortality rates were adjusted with biases estimated from detectability and scavenging trials. Scavenging rates were high (82% of carcasses were scavenged within 5 days) and detectability of deceased birds was positively related to body size. Overall, linear disturbances within the study area, including 37.7 km of highways and transmission lines, contributed to an estimated 75 deaths/km nous avons détecté 24 mortalités sous les lignes de transmission, 3 mortalités à côté de routes et aucune mortalité dans les zones témoin. Les taux de mortalité ont été ajustés au moyen de biais calculés à partir d'essais de détectabilité et de disparition des carcasses imputable aux charognards. Les taux de disparition étaient élevés (82 % des carcasses ont été éliminées dans les 5 jours) et la détectabilité des oiseaux morts était positivement liée à leur taille. Dans l'ensemble, les perturbations linéaires dans la zone d'étude, y compris 37,7 km d'autoroutes et de lignes de transmission, ont entraîné 75 mortalités/km de perturbation linéaire pendant une saison de migration et une saison de nidification (~50 mortalités/ km de lignes de transmission et ~25 mortalités/km de routes; ~1904 mortalités d'oiseaux au total). Nos résultats soulignent la nécessité de mettre en place des mesures d'atténuation pour qu'on puisse réduire la mortalité d'oiseaux, minimisant ainsi l'impact à long terme des perturbations linéaires, telles que les lignes de transmission et les routes, sur les communautés d'oiseaux.","PeriodicalId":49233,"journal":{"name":"Avian Conservation and Ecology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4000,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"2","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Mortality of grassland birds increases with transmission lines\",\"authors\":\"C. J. Martin, E. Bork, S. Nielsen\",\"doi\":\"10.5751/ace-02096-170117\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\". Electrical transmission line development has been expanding globally by 5% per year, leading to increases in avian collisions with lines. Canadian estimates of transmission line collision mortalities range from 2.5 to 25.6 million birds per year, with the majority of mortalities attributed to collisions with overhead shield wires, and by susceptible birds that are young, large-bodied, with low maneuverability, or in open habitats. In this study, avian mortality was estimated for a ~4900 ha area in the mixed-grass prairie of southeastern Alberta following construction of two major transmission lines. We surveyed seven 500 m transects 7–10 times during both the breeding and migration seasons, where transects were categorized into road (n = 2), transmission line (n = 2), wetland (with transmission lines above; n = 1), or control (n = 2) areas. During the 2016 breeding season (5 May–24 June), we detected 23 mortalities under transmission lines, 7 mortalities beside roads, and no mortalities in controls. In the 2017 spring migration season (31 March–5 May), we detected 24 mortalities under transmission lines, 3 mortalities beside roads, and no mortalities in controls. Mortality rates were adjusted with biases estimated from detectability and scavenging trials. Scavenging rates were high (82% of carcasses were scavenged within 5 days) and detectability of deceased birds was positively related to body size. Overall, linear disturbances within the study area, including 37.7 km of highways and transmission lines, contributed to an estimated 75 deaths/km nous avons détecté 24 mortalités sous les lignes de transmission, 3 mortalités à côté de routes et aucune mortalité dans les zones témoin. Les taux de mortalité ont été ajustés au moyen de biais calculés à partir d'essais de détectabilité et de disparition des carcasses imputable aux charognards. Les taux de disparition étaient élevés (82 % des carcasses ont été éliminées dans les 5 jours) et la détectabilité des oiseaux morts était positivement liée à leur taille. Dans l'ensemble, les perturbations linéaires dans la zone d'étude, y compris 37,7 km d'autoroutes et de lignes de transmission, ont entraîné 75 mortalités/km de perturbation linéaire pendant une saison de migration et une saison de nidification (~50 mortalités/ km de lignes de transmission et ~25 mortalités/km de routes; ~1904 mortalités d'oiseaux au total). Nos résultats soulignent la nécessité de mettre en place des mesures d'atténuation pour qu'on puisse réduire la mortalité d'oiseaux, minimisant ainsi l'impact à long terme des perturbations linéaires, telles que les lignes de transmission et les routes, sur les communautés d'oiseaux.\",\"PeriodicalId\":49233,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Avian Conservation and Ecology\",\"volume\":\"1 1\",\"pages\":\"\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":1.4000,\"publicationDate\":\"2022-01-01\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"2\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Avian Conservation and Ecology\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"93\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.5751/ace-02096-170117\",\"RegionNum\":4,\"RegionCategory\":\"环境科学与生态学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q3\",\"JCRName\":\"BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Avian Conservation and Ecology","FirstCategoryId":"93","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.5751/ace-02096-170117","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION","Score":null,"Total":0}
Mortality of grassland birds increases with transmission lines
. Electrical transmission line development has been expanding globally by 5% per year, leading to increases in avian collisions with lines. Canadian estimates of transmission line collision mortalities range from 2.5 to 25.6 million birds per year, with the majority of mortalities attributed to collisions with overhead shield wires, and by susceptible birds that are young, large-bodied, with low maneuverability, or in open habitats. In this study, avian mortality was estimated for a ~4900 ha area in the mixed-grass prairie of southeastern Alberta following construction of two major transmission lines. We surveyed seven 500 m transects 7–10 times during both the breeding and migration seasons, where transects were categorized into road (n = 2), transmission line (n = 2), wetland (with transmission lines above; n = 1), or control (n = 2) areas. During the 2016 breeding season (5 May–24 June), we detected 23 mortalities under transmission lines, 7 mortalities beside roads, and no mortalities in controls. In the 2017 spring migration season (31 March–5 May), we detected 24 mortalities under transmission lines, 3 mortalities beside roads, and no mortalities in controls. Mortality rates were adjusted with biases estimated from detectability and scavenging trials. Scavenging rates were high (82% of carcasses were scavenged within 5 days) and detectability of deceased birds was positively related to body size. Overall, linear disturbances within the study area, including 37.7 km of highways and transmission lines, contributed to an estimated 75 deaths/km nous avons détecté 24 mortalités sous les lignes de transmission, 3 mortalités à côté de routes et aucune mortalité dans les zones témoin. Les taux de mortalité ont été ajustés au moyen de biais calculés à partir d'essais de détectabilité et de disparition des carcasses imputable aux charognards. Les taux de disparition étaient élevés (82 % des carcasses ont été éliminées dans les 5 jours) et la détectabilité des oiseaux morts était positivement liée à leur taille. Dans l'ensemble, les perturbations linéaires dans la zone d'étude, y compris 37,7 km d'autoroutes et de lignes de transmission, ont entraîné 75 mortalités/km de perturbation linéaire pendant une saison de migration et une saison de nidification (~50 mortalités/ km de lignes de transmission et ~25 mortalités/km de routes; ~1904 mortalités d'oiseaux au total). Nos résultats soulignent la nécessité de mettre en place des mesures d'atténuation pour qu'on puisse réduire la mortalité d'oiseaux, minimisant ainsi l'impact à long terme des perturbations linéaires, telles que les lignes de transmission et les routes, sur les communautés d'oiseaux.
期刊介绍:
Avian Conservation and Ecology is an open-access, fully electronic scientific journal, sponsored by the Society of Canadian Ornithologists and Birds Canada. We publish papers that are scientifically rigorous and relevant to the bird conservation community in a cost-effective electronic approach that makes them freely available to scientists and the public in real-time. ACE is a fully indexed ISSN journal that welcomes contributions from scientists all over the world.
While the name of the journal implies a publication niche of conservation AND ecology, we think the theme of conservation THROUGH ecology provides a better sense of our purpose. As such, we are particularly interested in contributions that use a scientifically sound and rigorous approach to the achievement of avian conservation as revealed through insights into ecological principles and processes. Papers are expected to fall along a continuum of pure conservation and management at one end to more pure ecology at the other but our emphasis will be on those contributions with direct relevance to conservation objectives.