Colon Versus Rectal Cancers among Surgical Approach: An Observational Study

1. Abstract 1.1. Background: Colorectal cancer is the most common tumor of the gastrointestinal tract, and it is the third leading cause of mortality throughout the world. 1.2. Objectives: An observational study of colorectal cancers. 1.3. Methods: The research was carried out in Abu Ghraib General hospital in the period from January 2019 to May 2019. The primary data reported included colorectal cancer, and patients study characterizes. These including gender, age, family history, smoking, comorbidity, IBD, tumor sites, histopathology, stages, grading, the distance for anal verge, local recurrence, distant metastasis, type of surgery, and chemoradiation. 1.4. Results: The gender was composed of male 40%, and female 60%, with mean age, was 44.89±21.6 years for males and 47.55±20.07 years for females. There was only 4% had a positive family history. Smoking patients in this study were 48%, yet the non-smoker patients were 52%. Rectosigmoid cancer represented the most common site of cancer figured in 40% of patients. The results showed that adenocarcinoma was the most common histopathology in 72% of patients. The localized tumors were recorded in 44%, whereas metastasis was found in 34% of patients. Regarding grading, the moderate differentiation was the dominant grade in 60%. The tumor distant from anal verge results exhibited as <5 cm in 7(14%), 5-10 cm in 30(60%), and >10 cm in 13(26%). The majority of patients in our study have no metastatic disease 66%. Indeed, the hepatic was the most frequent site of distant metastasis. All patients underwent different surgical procedures. 1.5. Conclusions: Middle age group was mostly effect and more in the female gender. Many factors are shown to increase the risk of developing colorectal cancer including increasing age; consumption of processed meat, and smoking. Rectosigmoid cancer represented the most current sites. The localized diseases were common. Moderate differentiation was the dominant grade. The tumor location and the distal tumor margin are essential factors upon which the surgical plan for patients with rectal cancer is based. Accurate measurement of the distal tumor margin is necessary for planning the surgical procedure. The liver was the most frequent site of distant metastasis that figured. 2. Introduction The highest colon cancer incidence rates are found in parts of Europe (eg, in Hungary, Slovenia, Slovakia, the Netherlands, and Norway), Australia/New Zealand, Northern America, and Eastern Asia (Japan and the Republic of Korea, Singapore [in females]), with Hungary and Norway ranking first among males and females, respectively [1]. The incidences are elevated in Uruguay among both men and women. Rectal cancer incidence rates have a similar regional distribution, although the highest rates are seen in the Republic of Korea among males and Macedonia among females [1]. Rates of both colon and rectal cancer incidence tend to be low in most regions