Phylogeography of the Bamboo Locust Ceracris kiangsu (Acrididae: Ceracrinae) Based on Mitochondrial ND2 Sequences

The yellow-spined bamboo locust Ceracris kiangsu Tsai, which is important migratory pest in forestry, is endemic to China. However, its population genetic structure and demography are little known. Here, we used mitochondrial ND2 gene to examine the population genetics and phylogeographical structure of C. kiangsu across its distribution range. To test for hierarchical population genetic structure in C. kiangsu, we performed analyses of molecular variance (AMOVA) in ARLEQUIN; the median-joining network was generated for all haplotypes by using software Network; phylogeny of all haplotypes was reconstructed by using Neighbour-joining (NJ) in MEGA and maximumlikelihood (ML) in PAUP. Our results showed none significant values of the population genetic structure for C. kiangsu. Phylogenetic analyses exhibited some shallow genealogy, which were corresponding to networks of C. kiangsu haplotypes. All the analysis results did not divide the bamboo locust haplotypes into independent groups. High gene flow together with a recent and sudden population expansion characterized the population structure of this species. Populations of this species are most likely originated in the FJ, HR and TY locations. The Wuyi and Qingling mountains coupled with other mountains in southern China were not effective barriers limiting gene exchange between neighbouring populations on both sides of these mountains.