寄生虫免疫调节对COVID-19合并感染的影响

N. Chacón, L. Chacin-Bonilla, Italo M. Cesar
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引用次数: 6

摘要

2019冠状病毒病(COVID-19)和蠕虫感染可能在工业化国家的发展中国家和郊区协同流行。共感染的宿主会产生寄生虫特异性的Th2先天和适应性免疫反应,包括CD4+ T细胞、嗜酸性粒细胞、白细胞介素-4、白细胞介素-5和白细胞介素-10。在严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2型(SARS-CoV-2)感染的早期阶段,肺部的病毒特异性Th1细胞毒性CD8+ T细胞、白细胞介素-6、干扰素-γ和白细胞介素-27是控制病毒在肺上皮细胞中复制并将病理限制到其他器官(如肠道)的关键。CD4+和CD8+ T细胞与COVID-19的保护性免疫有关。然而,病毒逃避机制是存在的。干扰干扰素γ分泌,如蠕虫的免疫调节,可导致COVID-19的严重程度。免疫调节可通过调节或避免宿主细胞因子和促炎反应、降低病毒载量和影响疫苗诱导的抗体反应,导致轻度、中度或重度COVID-19,这取决于哪种蠕虫同时感染。我们讨论了在寄生虫流行区使用COVID-19疫苗的背景下,免疫调节对由寄生虫合并感染引起的COVID-19的影响以及对公共卫生的影响。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Implications of helminth immunomodulation on COVID-19 co-infections
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and helminths infections can be in a synergistic epidemic in developing and suburban areas of industrialized countries. The coinfected hosts will derive a parasite-specific Th2 innate and adaptive immune response with CD4+ T cells, eosinophils, interleukin-4, interleukin-5, and interleukin-10. In the early stages of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, virus-specific Th1 cytotoxic CD8+ T cell, interleukin-6, interferon-γ, and interleukin-27 by lung are keys in controlling viral replication in the lung epithelial cells and limiting the pathology to other organs, like the intestine. CD4+ and CD8+ T cells are associated with protective immunity against and during COVID-19. However, viral evasion mechanisms occur. Interference of the interferon-γ secretion, like in helminths immunomodulation, can contribute to COVID-19 severity. Immunomodulation can result in mild, moderate, or severe COVID-19 depending on which helminth is coinfecting by regulating or avoiding host cytokine and pro-inflammatory response, decreasing viral load, and affecting vaccineinduced antibody response. We discuss the implications of immunomodulation on COVID-19 caused by helminth co-infection and for public health in the context of COVID-19 vaccine use in helminth endemic zones.
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