当代棉花品种的种纤维比、种子指数和种子组织组成特性

IF 0.7 Q4 AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING
M. Dowd, S. M. Pelitire, C. Delhom
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引用次数: 13

摘要

由于不断努力培育棉花以提高纤维产量,几十年来,一些种子/纤维组成特性可能发生了变化。与育种者、轧棉厂和油加工商的对话已经确定了几个问题,包括种子尺寸变小、外壳变弱、种子和外壳碎片纤维污染增加、种子油和蛋白质含量降低——所有这些都直接影响到作物的经济价值。为了更好地了解这些变化,在美国密西西比州斯通维尔(Stoneville)附近地区收集了现有品种的田间棉花样品;卢博克市,TX;和新墨西哥州的拉斯克鲁塞斯。将样品进行加工和清洗,以测定种子与纤维的比率、种子指数以及绒、壳和果仁组织的比例。然后对籽粒进行油、蛋白质和棉酚的分析。这项为期三年的研究(2014年至2016年)的结果表明,种子与纤维的平均比率为1.41±0.11(范围为1.19-1.61,为基准),与1950年之前发表的数据集相比有所下降。本研究纳入的品种种子指数平均为9.75±0.99 g(范围为8.08-11.8 g),与早期发表的数据相比,总体呈下降趋势。种子组织的比例变化较小,但毛层的比例明显下降。籽粒油和蛋白质的平均含量多年来似乎没有太大变化,尽管个别品种的油含量很低。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Seed-Fiber Ratio, Seed Index, And Seed Tissue and Compositional Properties Of Current Cotton Cultivars
Because of the continual efforts to breed cotton for increased fiber yield, several seed/fiber compositional properties have likely shifted over the decades. Conversations with breeders, ginners, and oil processers have identified several concerns, including smaller seed size, weaker hulls, increased seed and hull fragment contamination of fiber, and reduced seed oil and protein levels—all of which directly affect the economic value of the crop. To better understand these changes, field cotton samples of current cultivars were collected from areas around Stoneville, MS; Lubbock, TX; and Las Cruces, NM. The samples were ginned and cleaned to determine seed-to-fiber ratio, seed index, and the proportions of linter, hull, and kernel tissues. Kernels were then analyzed for oil, protein, and gossypol. Results from the three-year study (2014 through 2016) indicated that the average seed-to-fiber ratio was 1.41 ± 0.11 (range: 1.19–1.61, as is basis) and has declined compared with data sets published prior to 1950. Of the varieties included in the study, seed index averaged 9.75 ± 0.99 g (range: 8.08–11.8 g, as is basis) and also showed an overall decline compared with early published data. Seed tissue proportions have changed less, although a decrease in the percentage of linters was apparent. The average level of seed oil and protein does not appear to have changed much over the years, although oil levels were very low for a few individual cultivars.
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来源期刊
Journal of cotton science
Journal of cotton science AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING-
CiteScore
0.90
自引率
20.00%
发文量
0
期刊介绍: The multidisciplinary, refereed journal contains articles that improve our understanding of cotton science. Publications may be compilations of original research, syntheses, reviews, or notes on original research or new techniques or equipment.
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