稳定蝇(Stomoxys calcitrans (L.))的传播和管理因素。

International journal of insect science Pub Date : 2015-05-21 eCollection Date: 2015-01-01 DOI:10.4137/IJIS.S21647
Allan T Showler, Weste L A Osbrink
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引用次数: 0

摘要

尽管已经对褐斑蝇(Stomoxys calcitrans (L.))的移动进行了研究,但其移动范围和意义一直不确定。在局部范围内(13 千米),主要是由天气锋面的风力驱动,将稳定蝇从内陆农场地区带到佛罗里达州西北部和苏必利尔湖的海滩,最长可达 225 千米。稳定蝇每年可以在被冲刷过的海草中短期繁殖,但海滩不利于其建立。这种移动是被动的,似乎对稳定蝇的生存没有好处。在区域范围内,马氏苍蝇的遗传分化很小;在全球范围内,虽然可能有不止一个 "品系",但该物种被认为是泛种。从更新世晚期到全新世早期,全球大部分地区的种群扩张可能与驯化游牧家畜的传播有关,特别是与更多定居的圈养家畜有关。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Stable Fly, Stomoxys calcitrans (L.), Dispersal and Governing Factors.

Although the movement of stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans (L.), has been studied, its extent and significance has been uncertain. On a local scale (<13 km), fly movement occurs between host animals and resting sites to feed and mate, mainly at on-farm locations where herbivorous livestock regularly congregate. Small numbers emigrate from livestock congregation sites in search of other hosts and oviposition substrate, mostly within <1.6 km. Such local movement occurs by flight ~90 cm above ground, or with moving livestock. While stable flies are active year-round in warm latitudes, cold winters in temperate areas result in substantial population and activity declines, limiting movement of any sort to warmer seasons. Long-distance dispersal (>13 km) is mainly wind-driven by weather fronts that carry stable flies from inland farm areas for up to 225 km to beaches of northwestern Florida and Lake Superior. Stable flies can reproduce for a short time each year in washed-up sea grass, but the beaches are not conducive to establishment. Such movement is passive and does not appear to be advantageous to stable fly's survival. On a regional scale, stable flies exhibit little genetic differentiation, and on the global scale, while there might be more than one "lineage", the species is nevertheless considered to be panmictic. Population expansion across much of the globe likely occurred from the late Pleistocene to the early Holocene in association with the spread of domesticated nomad livestock and particularly with more sedentary, penned livestock.

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