一条国际边界河流正在干涸,需要修复

Kenneth Ray Olson, James M. Lang
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引用次数: 0

摘要

里约热内卢格兰德的源头是在科罗拉多圣胡安山脉,因为它流向东南和南部。这条河穿过沙漠和草原,流入德克萨斯州布朗斯维尔附近的墨西哥湾,灌溉着富饶的灌溉农业区。数百座水坝和灌溉改道破坏了河流的流动模式,这使得格兰德河的部分地区干涸。下游的里约热内卢格兰德河谷,包括里约热内卢格兰德三角洲,灌溉丰沛,已成为重要的农业区。自20世纪90年代中期以来,由于许多大型改道、水坝以及城市和灌溉农田的用水,流量已减少到20%。即使在2001年和2002年,由国际边界和水资源委员会(IBWC)管理的一系列美墨协议中,格兰德河仍未能到达墨西哥湾。墨西哥和美国共享这条河。从历史上看,格兰德河提供了有限的航行和边境安全。有必要建立一个从德克萨斯州埃尔帕索和墨西哥马塔莫罗斯到墨西哥湾的水闸和水坝系统,以恢复航运和航运。此外,还需要恢复国际边境河流格兰德河下游的边境安全。如果里约热内卢Grande要恢复,它将需要一个锁和水坝系统,并增加河流流量。增加的水量需要通过从支线湖泊中增加额外的水、一条供水管道来实现,平衡的水管理方法必须包括在城市地区和灌溉农业土地上采取效率措施和积极的保护措施。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Rio Grande an International Boundary River Is Drying up and in Need of Restoration
The headwater source of the Rio Grande is in the Colorado San Juan Mountains as it flows southeast and south. The river crosses deserts and steppes, watering rich irrigated agricultural regions as it drains into the Gulf of Mexico near Brownsville, Texas. The river flow pattern is disrupted by hundreds of dams and irrigation diversions, which has left sections of the Rio Grande River dry. The lower Rio Grande Valley including the Rio Grande Delta is heavily irrigated and has become an important agricultural region. Since the mid-1990s, the flow has been reduced to 20% because of many large diver-sions, dams and consumption of water by cities and irrigated farmland. Even with a series of 2001 and 2002, Mexico-United States agreements adminis-tered by the International Boundary and Water Commission (IBWC) the Rio Grande River had continued to failed to reach the Gulf of Mexico. Mexico and United States share the river. Historically, the Rio Grande has provided limited navigation and border security. There is a need to restore navigation and shipping by creating a lock and dam system from El Paso, Texas and Matamoros, Mexico to the Gulf of Mexico, In addition there is also a need to restore border security for the Lower Rio Grande, an international border river. If the Rio Grande is ever going to recover, it will require a lock and dam system and an increased river flow. The increased flow needs to be achieved by adding additional water from feeder lakes, a water pipeline, and a balanced approach to water management must include efficiency measures and aggressive conservation in urban areas and on irrigated agricultural lands.
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