J. Frederickson, J. Cohen, M. Engel, Tyler C. Hunt, Greg A. Wilbert, O. Castañeda, N. Czaplewski
{"title":"美国俄克拉何马州Optima地方动物群中晚中新世哺乳动物的古生态学","authors":"J. Frederickson, J. Cohen, M. Engel, Tyler C. Hunt, Greg A. Wilbert, O. Castañeda, N. Czaplewski","doi":"10.4202/app.00941.2021","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"The Optima Local Fauna represents an important glimpse into the ecological transition between savannah and grassland during the late Miocene (Hemphillian) of what is now the southcentral Great Plains of North America. Though dominated by horses, herbivores from the Optima are morphologically diverse, bearing adaptations for both browsing and grazing lifestyles. Likewise, the carnivorans show similar ranges of size and presumed dietary behavior. In this study, we used carbonate isotope, mesowear, and tooth breakage and wear analyses to investigate the dietary complexity of mammals from a single site collected by the Oklahoma Museum of Natural History. Seventeen taxa were analyzed, including five perissodactyls ( Teleoceras hicksi, Dinohippus interpolatus, Neohipparion eurystyle, Nannippus ingenuus, and Astrohippus ansae ), four artiodactyls ( Texoceros guymonensis, Pediomeryx hemphillensis, Megatylopus matthewi, and Platygonus sp . ), a single proboscidean ( Mammut sp.), two rodents ( Dipoides indet. and Umbogaulus monodon ), and five carnivorans ( Agriotherium schneideri, Amphimachairodus coloradensis, Borophagus secundus, Eucyon davisi, Pliotaxidea cf. nevadensis ). Both stable isotope analysis and dental mesowear indicate a broad dietary partitioning occurred among the Optima herbivores, where the artiodactyls were identified as mixed feeders and the perissodactyls were recovered as grazers. In the carnivorans, the large felid Amphimachairodus coloradensis was a hypercarnivore with limited tooth breakage and an enriched δ 13 C signature, indicating low carcass utilization and a prey preference for horses. The canids had a more generalized diet, with B. secundus showing a greater proportional consumption of carcasses through a higher tooth breakage rate. The large ursid Agriotherium schneideri is here interpreted as an omnivore based on depleted δ 13 C values. Overall, we found evidence for a diversity of dietary niches in both carnivores and herbivores during the late Hemphillian in Oklahoma, likely driven by the expansion of grasslands in the region.","PeriodicalId":50887,"journal":{"name":"Acta Palaeontologica Polonica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8000,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"The paleoecology of the Late Miocene mammals \\nfrom the Optima Local Fauna of Oklahoma, USA\",\"authors\":\"J. Frederickson, J. Cohen, M. Engel, Tyler C. Hunt, Greg A. Wilbert, O. Castañeda, N. Czaplewski\",\"doi\":\"10.4202/app.00941.2021\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"The Optima Local Fauna represents an important glimpse into the ecological transition between savannah and grassland during the late Miocene (Hemphillian) of what is now the southcentral Great Plains of North America. Though dominated by horses, herbivores from the Optima are morphologically diverse, bearing adaptations for both browsing and grazing lifestyles. Likewise, the carnivorans show similar ranges of size and presumed dietary behavior. In this study, we used carbonate isotope, mesowear, and tooth breakage and wear analyses to investigate the dietary complexity of mammals from a single site collected by the Oklahoma Museum of Natural History. Seventeen taxa were analyzed, including five perissodactyls ( Teleoceras hicksi, Dinohippus interpolatus, Neohipparion eurystyle, Nannippus ingenuus, and Astrohippus ansae ), four artiodactyls ( Texoceros guymonensis, Pediomeryx hemphillensis, Megatylopus matthewi, and Platygonus sp . ), a single proboscidean ( Mammut sp.), two rodents ( Dipoides indet. and Umbogaulus monodon ), and five carnivorans ( Agriotherium schneideri, Amphimachairodus coloradensis, Borophagus secundus, Eucyon davisi, Pliotaxidea cf. nevadensis ). Both stable isotope analysis and dental mesowear indicate a broad dietary partitioning occurred among the Optima herbivores, where the artiodactyls were identified as mixed feeders and the perissodactyls were recovered as grazers. In the carnivorans, the large felid Amphimachairodus coloradensis was a hypercarnivore with limited tooth breakage and an enriched δ 13 C signature, indicating low carcass utilization and a prey preference for horses. The canids had a more generalized diet, with B. secundus showing a greater proportional consumption of carcasses through a higher tooth breakage rate. The large ursid Agriotherium schneideri is here interpreted as an omnivore based on depleted δ 13 C values. 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The paleoecology of the Late Miocene mammals
from the Optima Local Fauna of Oklahoma, USA
The Optima Local Fauna represents an important glimpse into the ecological transition between savannah and grassland during the late Miocene (Hemphillian) of what is now the southcentral Great Plains of North America. Though dominated by horses, herbivores from the Optima are morphologically diverse, bearing adaptations for both browsing and grazing lifestyles. Likewise, the carnivorans show similar ranges of size and presumed dietary behavior. In this study, we used carbonate isotope, mesowear, and tooth breakage and wear analyses to investigate the dietary complexity of mammals from a single site collected by the Oklahoma Museum of Natural History. Seventeen taxa were analyzed, including five perissodactyls ( Teleoceras hicksi, Dinohippus interpolatus, Neohipparion eurystyle, Nannippus ingenuus, and Astrohippus ansae ), four artiodactyls ( Texoceros guymonensis, Pediomeryx hemphillensis, Megatylopus matthewi, and Platygonus sp . ), a single proboscidean ( Mammut sp.), two rodents ( Dipoides indet. and Umbogaulus monodon ), and five carnivorans ( Agriotherium schneideri, Amphimachairodus coloradensis, Borophagus secundus, Eucyon davisi, Pliotaxidea cf. nevadensis ). Both stable isotope analysis and dental mesowear indicate a broad dietary partitioning occurred among the Optima herbivores, where the artiodactyls were identified as mixed feeders and the perissodactyls were recovered as grazers. In the carnivorans, the large felid Amphimachairodus coloradensis was a hypercarnivore with limited tooth breakage and an enriched δ 13 C signature, indicating low carcass utilization and a prey preference for horses. The canids had a more generalized diet, with B. secundus showing a greater proportional consumption of carcasses through a higher tooth breakage rate. The large ursid Agriotherium schneideri is here interpreted as an omnivore based on depleted δ 13 C values. Overall, we found evidence for a diversity of dietary niches in both carnivores and herbivores during the late Hemphillian in Oklahoma, likely driven by the expansion of grasslands in the region.
期刊介绍:
Acta Palaeontologica Polonica is an international quarterly journal publishing papers of general interest from all areas of paleontology. Since its founding by Roman Kozłowski in 1956, various currents of modern paleontology have been represented in the contents of the journal, especially those rooted in biologically oriented paleontology, an area he helped establish.
In-depth studies of all kinds of fossils, of the mode of life of ancient organisms and structure of their skeletons are welcome, as those offering stratigraphically ordered evidence of evolution. Work on vertebrates and applications of fossil evidence to developmental studies, both ontogeny and astogeny of clonal organisms, have a long tradition in our journal. Evolution of the biosphere and its ecosystems, as inferred from geochemical evidence, has also been the focus of studies published in the journal.