The influence of physical activity on the functioning of the nervous system and cognitive processes – research review

Physical activity has an unquestionable impact on human physical and mental health, which has been proven in numerous studies. Against this background, the impact of movement on cognitive functioning seems to be of particular interest. Studies show that regular workouts – especially moderate-intensity aerobic exercise – improve the cognitive functioning of adults and improve school abilities in the group of children and adolescents. Movement also promotes better cognitive functioning of people with mental disorders. In addition, physical activity is an important non-pharmacological method of treatment for mild cognitive impairment or neurodegenerative diseases. The purpose of this work is to present selected studies in the area of the impact of physical activity on human cognitive functioning. The article presents the influence of physical effort on selected neurophysiological factors and development of nervous system structures. In addition, the impact of physical activity on the cognitive processes of people of all ages is presented, with particular emphasis on papers published in recent years. Studies are cited in which it was proved that physical activity positively influences the functioning of memory and attention, and also improves the speed of decisions. The role of physical activity in the process of slowing development and alleviating the symptoms of neurodegenerative diseases is also pointed out. Physical activity affects the cognitive functioning of people of all ages. In addition, physical activity has neuroprotective significance, and affects the control of neurodegenerative processes. There are important indications for future research into the relationship between physical activity and school achievement.