人类两足动物的性选择

IF 0.2 Q4 EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY
Michael T. Dale
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引用次数: 1

摘要

在这篇文章中,我提出了一个关于人类两足动物进化的新假设。我首先广泛地讨论了在新第三纪向两足动物的过渡对人类来说一定是有问题的。考虑到这一点,再加上没有其他灵长类动物做出这种不寻常的转变,向两足动物进化的选择压力似乎异常强大。考虑到这一点,我简要地列出了一些关于人类两足动物进化起源的最有希望的假设,并展示了大多数假设(如果不是全部的话)是如何在异常强大的选择压力面前失败的。例如,一些假设认为,古人类变成两足动物,这样他们就可以用手拿婴儿、食物或其他有价值的东西。但是现存的类人猿能够用一只前肢搬运物品(而用另外三只前肢行走),因此,我们的人类祖先经历了艰难的过渡到两足行走,只是为了更有效地搬运物品,这似乎是不可信的。在我证明了过去的假设在面对这一挑战时是不成立的之后,我认为只有一种选择压力强大到足以引发一种奇怪而有问题的进化适应,比如两足动物,那就是性选择。具体来说,根据两足运动是现存猿类恐吓他人和提升统治等级的重要策略这一事实,我认为,没有特别的选择原因,两足运动成为高适应性的信号(就像孔雀的大而复杂的尾巴成为高适应性的信号一样),这导致了这一特征不断得到加强,尽管它有所有有害的适应性后果。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
The sexual selection of hominin bipedalism
In this article, I advance a novel hypothesis on the evolution of hominin bipedalism. I begin by arguing extensively for how the transition to bipedalism must have been problematic for hominins during the Neogene. Due to this and the fact that no other primate has made the unusual switch to bipedalism, it seems likely that the selection pressure towards bipedalism was unusually strong. With this in mind, I briefly lay out some of the most promising hypotheses on the evolutionary origin of hominin bipedalism and show how most, if not all, fail in the face of the need for an unusually strong selection pressure. For example, some hypotheses maintain that hominins became bipedal so they could use their hands for carrying infants, food, or other valuable objects. But extant apes are able to carry objects in one of their front limbs (while walking with the other three), and thus it does not seem plausible that our hominin ancestors went through the troublesome transition to bipedalism just so they could carry objects a little more efficiently. After I show that past hypotheses are wanting in the face of this challenge, I argue that there is only one selection pressure powerful enough to instigate a strange and problematic evolutionary adaptation like bipedalism, and that is sexual selection. Specifically, from the fact that bipedal locomotion is an important strategy for intimidating others and ascending the dominance hierarchy in extant apes, I argue that for no particular selective reason bipedal locomotion became a signal for high fitness (much as a large and intricate tail became a signal for high fitness for peahens), and this led to the trait being continuously reinforced in spite of all its deleterious fitness consequences.
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来源期刊
Ideas in Ecology and Evolution
Ideas in Ecology and Evolution EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY-
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