非洲蝴蝶的偏性比例和警示多态性

IF 0.2 Q4 EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY
Eihab Idris, S. S. H. Hassan
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引用次数: 7

摘要

在东非和中非,雌雄蛱蝶Danaus chrysippus, Acraea encedon和Acraea encedana参与了一个缪勒氏模仿复合体。不同寻常的是,这三个物种表现出广泛的颜色模式多态性。在同一地理区域内,由于感染了母体遗传的杀死雄性的细菌,这三个物种表现出偏向雌性的性别比例。在这三种同域的模仿蝴蝶物种中,偏性比和警告多态性的共同出现导致了一种猜测,即雄性杀伤细菌的入侵和随后的雌性偏性比是这些物种在异种、单态和杂交时期建立起来的颜色多态性维持的潜在原因。在本文中,我们提出了一个新的假设,描述了这种因果关系可能发生的机制;在我们看来,在雄性杀手传播之后,物种种群水平上经历了反复的灭绝-再定居周期,从而破坏了物种中最常见的颜色形式的积极频率依赖选择。同样,发生在其他模仿体中的灭绝和重新定居随机地改变了每个物种的选择方向,潜在地导致多种选择压力,有利于模仿体中不同的颜色模式。因此,在增强的元种群动力学作用下,各物种内部和拟态物种之间的单态选择将不断随机化,从而保持多态性状态。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Biased sex ratios and Aposematic polymorphism in African butterflies
In East and Central Africa, the nymphalid butterflies Danaus chrysippus , Acraea encedon and Acraea encedana are involved in a Mullerian mimicry complex. Unusually for aposematic mimetic organisms, the three species show extensive colour pattern polymorphism. Within the same geographic zone, the three species show female-biased sex ratios as a consequence of infection by maternally-inherited, male-killing bacteria. The co-occurrence of biased sex ratios and aposematic polymorphism within these three sympatric, mimetic butterfly species has led to the speculation that invasion by the male-killing bacteria and the subsequent female-biased sex ratios are the underlying reason for the maintenance of colour polymorphism in these species, following its establishment by periods of allopatry and monomorphism and hybridisation. In this paper, we present a novel hypothesis that describes a mechanism by which such causal link might have taken place; in our view, positive frequency-dependent selection favouring the most common colour form in the species is disrupted as a consequence of the recurrent extinction-recolonization cycles undergone at the level of the species populations following the spread of the male-killer. Likewise, extinctions and recolonizations taking place in the other mimics randomly change the direction of selection on each species, potentially leading to multiple selective pressures favouring different colour patterns in the mimicry complex. Thus, selection for monomorphism within each species as well as between the mimetic species will be continuously randomized by the enhanced metapopulation dynamics and the state of polymorphism will be maintained consequently.
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来源期刊
Ideas in Ecology and Evolution
Ideas in Ecology and Evolution EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY-
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