Osteobiologics-related complexity in spine surgery: a systematic study

The aim of this systematic review was to determine the type and frequency of complications in patients who had BMP in spine fusion surgery, as well as whether there is a doseresponse relationship between BMP and complications. Because of its efficacy in supporting arthrodesis, BMP is used on-label for ALIF with LT-CAGE and off-label for various spine fusion applications in the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar spines. In a number of clinical fusion scenarios, several reports conducted over the past few years have highlighted problems associated with BMP.