Prevalence of Community Acquired Pneumonia among Children 2 to 59 Months Old and its Associated Factors in Munesa District, Arsi Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia

Background: Pneumonia is one of leading cause of death among under five children in the world. Half of death from pneumonia occurs in sub-Saharan Africa. According to estimate of WHO in 2016 pneumonia accounts for 16.4% of under-five mortality in Ethiopia. Objective: To assess prevalence of community acquired pneumonia in children 2 to 59 months old and its associated factors in Munesa district, Arsi zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia. Methods: Community based cross sectional study was conducted in Munesa district from July 16 to October 30, 2018. A total of 344 households with under-five children were selected by multistage sampling technique. Data were collected and entered in to Epi data version 3.1, then exported to SPSS version 21 for analysis. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to test associations between the predictor factors and the dependent variable. Variables with p-value<0.25 during bivariate analysis were included to multivariate logistic regression model to control confounder. Finally, variables with p-value<0.05 were expressed as potential determinants of community acquired pneumonia. Results: This study revealed that prevalence of community acquired pneumonia to be 17.7%. The potential factors identified in this study were being male AOR=2.777, 95%CI: (1.262, 6.109), caring of child on mothers back during food cooking AOR=11.758, 95% CI: (4.596, 30.081), history of acute respiratory tract infection AOR=4.256, 95% CI: (1.562, 11.593) and children who were living in the house that have three or more window AOR=0.044; 95% CI: (0.003, 0.625). Conclusion: It is identified prevalence of community acquired pneumonia and the potential factors were being male, caring of child on mothers back during food cooking, history of acute respiratory tract infection and children who were living in the house that have three or more window.