A human monoclonal antibody with the capacity to neutralize Staphylococcus aureus alpha-toxin.

A human monoclonal antibody, CB STL-1, against staphylococcal alpha-toxin has been established by hybridoma technology. It is of IgG1 subclass with lambda light chain and possesses a dissociation constant of 8 x 10(-10) mol/l. 1 mg of purified antibody neutralizes the hemolytic activity of 800 micrograms/ml alpha-toxin in an in vitro hemolysis assay using rabbit erythrocytes. The antibody does not bind to overlapping (7 residues) decapeptides spanning the sequence of alpha toxin, thus it might bind to a conformational epitope. The epitope recognized by the antibody is not accessible in oligomeric toxin. The antibody binds both to the hydrophilic and amphipathic forms of the monomeric toxin Fab fragments of the antibody are stable and show no significant loss of activity. CB STL-1 was able to protect mice in vivo from i.p. challenge with alpha toxin. Thus, the antibody is a candidate for passive immunotherapy. The variable regions of the antibody secreted by CB STL-1 were sequenced and found to be encoded by a VH gene segment belonging to the VH1 family, and a Vlambda segment most likely belonging to the VlambdaIII subgroup. Further analysis concerning the third complementarity determining region (CDR3) of the heavy chain is presented.