{"title":"马、牡鹿和海狸:中世纪晚期利沃尼亚作为礼物的动物","authors":"A. Mänd","doi":"10.3176/HIST.2016.1.01","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"The article discusses the significance of animals in late medieval gift-giving and diplomatic culture. It demonstrates that animals as presents were needed, desired and publicly displayed. Some animals were widely recognized as markers of status. In the case of some other animals, it was their symbolic value that mattered the most. Sources from the medieval Livonian cities indicate the use of the following local and exotic animals and birds as a gift: horse, deer, beaver and turkey. The gifts could also include animal products, such as pelts and garments, or food.","PeriodicalId":40943,"journal":{"name":"Acta Historica Tallinnensia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2000,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3176/HIST.2016.1.01","citationCount":"5","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"HORSES, STAGS AND BEAVERS: ANIMALS AS PRESENTS IN LATE-MEDIEVAL LIVONIA\",\"authors\":\"A. Mänd\",\"doi\":\"10.3176/HIST.2016.1.01\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"The article discusses the significance of animals in late medieval gift-giving and diplomatic culture. It demonstrates that animals as presents were needed, desired and publicly displayed. Some animals were widely recognized as markers of status. In the case of some other animals, it was their symbolic value that mattered the most. Sources from the medieval Livonian cities indicate the use of the following local and exotic animals and birds as a gift: horse, deer, beaver and turkey. The gifts could also include animal products, such as pelts and garments, or food.\",\"PeriodicalId\":40943,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Acta Historica Tallinnensia\",\"volume\":null,\"pages\":null},\"PeriodicalIF\":0.2000,\"publicationDate\":\"2016-01-01\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3176/HIST.2016.1.01\",\"citationCount\":\"5\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Acta Historica Tallinnensia\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"1085\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.3176/HIST.2016.1.01\",\"RegionNum\":4,\"RegionCategory\":\"历史学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q2\",\"JCRName\":\"HISTORY\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Acta Historica Tallinnensia","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.3176/HIST.2016.1.01","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"HISTORY","Score":null,"Total":0}
HORSES, STAGS AND BEAVERS: ANIMALS AS PRESENTS IN LATE-MEDIEVAL LIVONIA
The article discusses the significance of animals in late medieval gift-giving and diplomatic culture. It demonstrates that animals as presents were needed, desired and publicly displayed. Some animals were widely recognized as markers of status. In the case of some other animals, it was their symbolic value that mattered the most. Sources from the medieval Livonian cities indicate the use of the following local and exotic animals and birds as a gift: horse, deer, beaver and turkey. The gifts could also include animal products, such as pelts and garments, or food.
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