Terapia genética de injeção intravítrea de rAAV2-ND4 para neuropatia óptica hereditária de Leber: uma revisão sistemática

Leber’s Hereditary Optic Neuropathy (LHON) is an inherited neurodegenerative mitochondrial disease. The potential rate of spontaneous recovery is controversial in the literature. Gene therapy has been studied to support patients. The objective of this review was to qualitatively assess the safety, adverse effects, and efficacy of available gene therapy. This is a systematic review of articles indexed in PubMed®, VHL, SciELO, Cochrane, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and Lilacs databases, in the first half of 2021. Inclusion criteria and filters were: articles related to the topic, randomized studies, clinical trials, work in humans, last 5 years, in Portuguese, English, and Spanish and full text available for free. The exclusion parameters were: duplicate articles, not related to the topic, review articles, not available works, and works that did not meet the inclusion criteria. The kappa coefficient was 0.812. The therapy had no serious adverse effects in any of the selected articles, and minor effects experienced 100% spontaneous remission after treatment. Although NAbs were found in the serum of some patients, there was no association between the adaptive immune response and the injection of the viral vector. The treatment was effective in improving acuity and visual field. Several studies have confirmed the effectiveness of gene therapy, at low and medium doses, in improving visual acuity and also on common adverse effects related to high doses. The humoral immune response and the variation in serum NAbs was cited in more than one article. The therapy was effective in improving visual acuity