德国魔幻现实主义作为“内部移民”的表现:概念的连贯性问题

Svitlana Prytoliuk
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摘要

本文考察了德国文学中的“内部移民”问题及其与“德国魔幻现实主义”的联系,重点介绍了“内部移民”一词的起源和研究历史,以及从四十年代中期到近代不同历史时期对“内部移民”一词的解读趋势。论文指出,大多数“魔幻现实主义”作品被不公平地置于文学进程的边缘,因为它们是在希特勒独裁统治时期创作的。本文的作者指出,当不考虑形式和审美特征,而是考虑政治和历史标准时,“魔幻现实主义”作品的定义和分类存在一定的分类差异。“大讨论”的修辞不仅实现了“内部移民”一词的贬义,而且强化了这种贬义。对这一概念的定义及其概念内容的争论导致“内部移民”被认为是适应、自我辩护和不愿认罪的表现。然而,随着学者们努力阐明这一有争议的话语,这个术语的语义正在发生变化。作家的“内部移民”不仅消除了他们作品的合法性问题,而且为科学研究开辟了一个新的层面,特别是对隐蔽写作技巧和异化表达手段的使用研究。德国魔幻现实主义作品的特点是通过虚幻维度的创造来扩张现实,这可以看作是一种内在放逐的表现。文本的隐喻性可以看作是作者内省自我沉浸的表现,是他们与政治体制的分离和内心世界的孤独的表达。本文认为,德国魔幻现实主义与“内部移民”现象之间存在着一定的一致性。对德国“魔幻现实主义”代表作家“内部移民”作品的阐释学分析,必须包括对其历史背景和作者自传的研究。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
German Magical Realism as a Manifestation of “Internal Emigration”: The Problem of Coherence of Concepts
The article examines the problem of “internal emigration” in German literature and its connection with “German magical realism”, highlights the history of the origin and study of the term and trends in its interpretation in different historical periods from the mid-forties to modern times. The paper notes that most works of “magical realism” were unfairly on the periphery of the literary process because they were written during Hitler’s dictatorship. The author of the article states a certain categorical disparity in the definition and classification of works of “magical realism”, when not formal and aesthetic features are considered, but political and historical criteria. The rhetoric of the “Great Discussion” not only actualized, but also strengthened the pejorative nature of the phrase “internal emigration”. The controversy over the definition of the concept and its conceptual content has led to the fact that “internal emigration” was perceived as a manifestation of adaptation, self-justification and unwillingness to admit guilt. The semantics of the term, however, is changing along with scholars’ efforts to shed light on this controversial discourse. The writers’s being in “internal emigration” not only removes the question of the legitimacy of their work, but also opens a new layer for scientific research, in particular, study of the use of techniques of covert writing and means of expression of alienation. The works of German magical realism with the characteristic expansion of reality in their genre through the creation of unreal dimensions can be considered as a certain expression of internal exile. The metaphorical nature of the texts can be seen as a manifestation of introspective self-immersion of the authors, an expression of their separation from the political system and solitude in the inner world. The author of the article suggests that there is a certain coherence between German magical realism and the phenomenon of “internal emigration”. Hermeneutic analysis of the works of the authors of “internal emigration”, representatives of German “magical realism” must include a study of the historical context and autobiography of the writer.
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