两次杰出表现主义作品中的文学的如画与美术的文学

S. Varetska
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摘要

本文探讨了德国表现主义的一个特征——艺术互动问题。它分析了有天赋的表现主义者的作品,他们不仅是作家,也是画家,反之亦然。所有的注意力都集中在奥斯卡·科科施卡、弗朗茨·卡夫卡、阿尔弗雷德·库宾等表现主义人物身上。这篇文章认为,这些艺术家的天赋力量是如此之大,以至于在一门艺术中自我实现对他们来说是不够的,因此他们积极利用这个机会来展示他们的天赋,不仅在口头上,而且在视觉上,交替地换笔。这样的综合是非常富有成效的,因为这些作品丰富了叙事主题母题、体裁变化、对现实的具象看法、物质组织的构图人物等。事实证明,表现主义者并没有遵循现代主义的“为艺术而艺术”的观念,而是以人的恐惧、情结和视觉为中心。因此,艺术家的主要目的是用各种艺术手段来表现一个神圣的内心世界,在这个世界里,与庸俗的现实生活相比,确实存在着精神上的统一与和谐。在文字、绘画或音乐的组合中,或者像科科施卡的光和颜料一样,表现主义者试图通过多媒体来传达他们作为存在目的而产生的感官和神圣。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Picturesque of Literature and Literature of Fine Arts in Works of Twice Exceptional Expressionists
The article considers a problem of the arts interaction, which is a characteristic feature of German expressionism. It analyzes works of gifted expressionists, which are fulfilling themselves not only as writers, but as painters too and vice versa. All attention is paid to such figures of expressionism as Oscar Kokoschka, Franz Kafka, Alfred Kubin. The article argues that the power of talent of such artists is so great that self-realization in one of the arts is not enough for them, and therefore they actively use the opportunity to reveal the facets of their giftedness not only verbally, but also visually, alternately changing brushes to pen. Such a synthesis is quite productive because these works are enriched by narrative thematic motifs, genre varieties, a figurative vision of reality, compositional figures of the material organization, etc. It is proved that the expressionists did not follow the modernist concept “Art for the sake of art”, yet for them a human is with his fears, complexes and visions in the center. Thus, the main aim of an artist is using various artistic means to show a sacred inner world where in contrast to the real philistine life a spiritual unity and harmony do exist. In a combination of text, drawing or music, or, like Kokoschka’s light and paint, expressionists try to convey through multimedia the sensual and sacred that arises for them as the purpose of existence.
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